Los otros ‘ocho años’. Caudillismo, memorias y cultura del bipartidismo en Costa Rica, 1988-2002
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Esta tesis analiza la cultura política del bipartidismo en Costa Rica entre 1988 y 2002, enfocándose en los procesos de creación de caudillos políticos y la elaboración de memorias y conceptos políticos. El objetivo principal tiene los propósitos de caracterizar el estilo de política implementado durante ese período y de comprender las narrativas creadas por los gobernantes, las autoridades partidarias, los intelectuales y la prensa escrita en torno a las disputas por el lenguaje político y la construcción de memorias del pasado y del futuro. La investigación aborda tres aspectos centrales: la creación de caudillos políticos, quienes, a través de la gestión y la legitimación de su propia imagen, buscaron posicionarse en el escenario político; la elaboración de narrativas de la memoria que disputaron el pasado mediante un régimen de temporalidad que otorga historicidad tanto a las conmemoraciones como a los conceptos políticos; y, finalmente, la construcción de conceptos que definieron el lenguaje político de la época, especialmente relacionados con el proyecto neoliberal y la deslegitimación de la clase política en la década de 1990. En conclusión, la tesis sostiene que la cultura política no solo debe entenderse como un conjunto de reglas del sistema
político y electoral, sino como un proceso de interacción entre actores sociales e instituciones, marcado por disputas políticas, memorias y luchas por el control del lenguaje político. Las tensiones sobre el pasado son esenciales para entender la construcción de identidades y discursos políticos, y cómo estos influyen en la política costarricense contemporánea.
This thesis analyzes the political culture of bipartisanship in Costa Rica between 1988 and 2002, focusing on the processes of creating political leaders (caudillos) and the development of memories and political concepts. The main objective had the purpose of characterize the political style implemented during that period and understand the narratives created by politicians, party authorities, intellectuals and press regarding disputes over political language and the construction of memories of the past and the future. The research addresses three central aspects: the creation of political leaders, who, through managing and legitimizing their own image, sought to position themselves in the political arena; the development of memory narratives that contested the past through a regime of temporality that grants historicity to both commemorations and political concepts; and, finally, the construction of concepts that defined the political language of the time, especially related to the neoliberal project and the delegitimization of the political class in the 1990s. In conclusion, the thesis argues that political culture should not only be understood as a set of rules of the political and electoral system, but as a process of interaction between social actors and institutions, marked by political disputes, memories and struggles for control of political language. Tensions over the past are essential for understanding the construction of identities and political discourses, and how they influence contemporary Costa Rican politics.
This thesis analyzes the political culture of bipartisanship in Costa Rica between 1988 and 2002, focusing on the processes of creating political leaders (caudillos) and the development of memories and political concepts. The main objective had the purpose of characterize the political style implemented during that period and understand the narratives created by politicians, party authorities, intellectuals and press regarding disputes over political language and the construction of memories of the past and the future. The research addresses three central aspects: the creation of political leaders, who, through managing and legitimizing their own image, sought to position themselves in the political arena; the development of memory narratives that contested the past through a regime of temporality that grants historicity to both commemorations and political concepts; and, finally, the construction of concepts that defined the political language of the time, especially related to the neoliberal project and the delegitimization of the political class in the 1990s. In conclusion, the thesis argues that political culture should not only be understood as a set of rules of the political and electoral system, but as a process of interaction between social actors and institutions, marked by political disputes, memories and struggles for control of political language. Tensions over the past are essential for understanding the construction of identities and political discourses, and how they influence contemporary Costa Rican politics.
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Bipartidismo, Costa Rica, Memoria, Historia política, Cultura política
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