Lamellar fluctuations melt ferroelectricity

Abstract

We consider a standard Ginzburg-Landau model of a ferroelectric whose electrical polarization is coupled to gradients of elastic strain [1–4]. At the harmonic level, such flexoelectric interaction is known to hybridize acoustic and optic phonon modes and lead to phases with modulated lattice structures that precede the state with spontaneously broken inversion symmetry [5–10]. Here, we use the self-consistent phonon approximation to calculate the effects of thermal and quantum polarization fluctuations on the bare modes to show that such long-range modulated order is unstable at all temperatures. We discuss the implications for the nearly ferroelectric SrTiO3 and KTaO3, and propose that these systems are melted versions of an underlying modulated state which is dominated by non-zero momentum thermal fluctuations except at the very lowest temperatures.