Caracterización climática y análisis de mecanismos moduladores del descenso de las lluvias en la vertiente Caribe de América Central durante septiembre-octubre
Fecha
2023-09-19
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artículo original
Autores
Alfaro Martínez, Eric J.
Alvarado Gamboa, Luis Fernando
Fallas López, Berny G.
Mora Sandí, Natali Pamela
Hidalgo León, Hugo G.
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Resumen
[Introducción]: La vertiente Caribe de América Central se encuentra a barlovento de los vientos alisios asociados con la Alta Subtropical del Atlántico Norte y presenta un ciclo anual de precipitación bimodal, donde se observa un mínimo relativo en los meses de septiembre y octubre. [Objetivo]: Caracterizar el descenso observado en las lluvias en esta región en ese bimestre, estimando, para cada evento, las variables asociadas con los valores del día del inicio, día del mínimo, día del final, duración, intensidad y magnitud, en el periodo 1979-2010. [Metodología]: Se usaron 31 registros diarios de estaciones pluviométricas. Se examinó, en cada una de ellas, los meses de julio a noviembre, para encontrar los valores del mínimo, la fecha del mínimo, del inicio y del final, duración e intensidad. Se exploró la ocurrencia de alguna tendencia temporal o espacial en las características de los eventos. Por último, se revisaron diferentes índices climáticos y fuentes documentales para identificar las posibles causas sinópticas de los descensos más fuertes en las lluvias. [Resultados]: El inicio de los eventos se observó alrededor del 3 de septiembre, su mínimo el 23 de septiembre y el final 12 de octubre, con una duración aproximada de 39 días. Los eventos tienden a suceder primeramente en las estaciones ubicadas al noroeste del istmo. Los eventos más secos sucedieron bajo condiciones propicias para la ocurrencia de vientos con componente suroeste-oeste sobre la región. [Conclusiones]: El conocimiento sobre estas características de la precipitación ayuda en la planificación de sectores socioeconómicos claves en América Central ante eventuales eventos hidrometeorológicos adversos.
[Introduction]: The Caribbean slope of Central America is located windward about the trade winds associated with the North Atlantic Subtropical High and the rains present a bimodal annual cycle, observing a relative minimum in the months of September and October. [Objective]: Characterize the observed decrease in rainfall in this region for this bimester, estimating for each event, the variables associated with the values of the onset day, minimum day, demise day, duration, intensity, and magnitude, in 1979-2010. [Methodology]: A set of 31 daily records from rain gauge stations was used. In each of them, the months from July to November were examined to find the values of the minimum, the date of the minimum, the onset and the demise, duration, and intensity. The occurrence of any temporal or spatial trend in these characteristics of the events was explored. Finally, different climatic indices and documentary sources were reviewed to identify the possible synoptic causes of the strongest decreases in rainfall. [Results]: The beginning of the events was observed around September 3rd, their minimum on September 23rd and the end on October 12th, with an approximate duration of 39 days. Events tend to happen earlier at stations located northwest on the isthmus. The driest events occurred under favorable conditions for the occurrence of winds with a southwest-west component over the region. [Conclusions]: Knowledge about these characteristics of precipitation helps in the activity planning of key socioeconomic sectors in Central America in case of adverse hydrometeorological events.
[Introduction]: The Caribbean slope of Central America is located windward about the trade winds associated with the North Atlantic Subtropical High and the rains present a bimodal annual cycle, observing a relative minimum in the months of September and October. [Objective]: Characterize the observed decrease in rainfall in this region for this bimester, estimating for each event, the variables associated with the values of the onset day, minimum day, demise day, duration, intensity, and magnitude, in 1979-2010. [Methodology]: A set of 31 daily records from rain gauge stations was used. In each of them, the months from July to November were examined to find the values of the minimum, the date of the minimum, the onset and the demise, duration, and intensity. The occurrence of any temporal or spatial trend in these characteristics of the events was explored. Finally, different climatic indices and documentary sources were reviewed to identify the possible synoptic causes of the strongest decreases in rainfall. [Results]: The beginning of the events was observed around September 3rd, their minimum on September 23rd and the end on October 12th, with an approximate duration of 39 days. Events tend to happen earlier at stations located northwest on the isthmus. The driest events occurred under favorable conditions for the occurrence of winds with a southwest-west component over the region. [Conclusions]: Knowledge about these characteristics of precipitation helps in the activity planning of key socioeconomic sectors in Central America in case of adverse hydrometeorological events.
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CLIMATOLOGÍA, IMPACTOS, MARES INTRA-AMERICANOS, PRECIPITACIÓN, VARIABILIDAD CLIMÁTICA, CLIMATOLOGY, IMPACTS, INTRA-AMERICAN SEAS, PRECIPITATION, CLIMATE VARIABILITY