Coeficientes de cultivo según densidad de siembra y volumen de sustrato en chile dulce bajo invernadero
Fecha
2019
Autores
Soto Bravo, Freddy
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Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto
de dos densidades de siembra (1,4 y 2,4 plantas m-2) y tres volúmenes de sustrato/planta (7, 14 y 21 L) sobre
los Kc de chile dulce (Capsicum annuum) en fibra de coco bajo invernadero. El experimento se realizó del 22
de abril al 28 de agosto del 2016, en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela, Costa
Rica. Se utilizó un diseño de tres bloques completos al azar con arreglo bifactorial de tratamientos. Los Kc se
obtuvieron como el cociente entre la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc), obtenida por método lisimétrico
de balance de agua, y la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo) según Penman-Monteith FAO-56. Kc de chile
dulce hidropónico bajo invernadero no fueron afectados por la interacción entre densidad de plantas y volumen
de sustrato (P>0,05); sin embargo, ambos factores afectaron (P<0,05) individualmente, con mayor efecto del
factor densidad. Indistintamente del volumen de sustrato, los Kc se redujeron un promedio de 33%, al pasar
de 2,4 a 1,4 plantas m-2. Independiente de la densidad de plantación, la mayor reducción (11,5%) del Kc se
presentó al disminuir el volumen desde 21 l a 7 l de sustrato planta-1. La densidad de siembra y volumen de
sustrato afectaron la ETc y consecuentemente los Kc del cultivo hidropónico de chile dulce bajo invernadero.
La técnica de cultivo hidropónico en invernadero junto al clima y las prácticas de cultivo, reflejaron diferencias
sustanciales entre valores Kc FAO-56 y los Kc obtenidos en el cultivo de chile dulce.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two planting densities (1.4 and 2.4 plants m-2) and three volumes of substrate plant-1 (7, 14 L and 21 L) on the Kc of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) in coconut fiber in a greenhouse. The experiment was carried out from April 22 to August 28, 2016, at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Research Station, Alajuela, Costa Rica. It was used a three complete randomized blocks experimental design with a bifactorial treatment arrangement. The Kc were obtained as the ratio between the crop evapotranspiration (ETc ) obtained by the water balance method, and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo ) according to Penman-Monteith FAO-56. The Kc of sweet pepper hydroponic under greenhouse were not affected by the interaction between plant density and substrate volume (P>0.05); however, both factors affected (P<0.05) individually, with a more significant effect of the density factor. Indistinctly the substrate volume, the Kc were reduced in average 33%, going from 2.4 plants m-2 to 1.4 plants m-2. Independent of plantation density, the most significant reduction (11.5%) in Kc occurred when the volume decreased from 21 L to 7 L of substrate plant-1. Plant density and amount of substrate affected the ETc and consequently the Kc of the hydroponic crop of greenhouse sweet pepper. The technique of hydroponic greenhouse crop along with the climate and cultivation practices reflected appreciable differences between Kc FAO-56 values and the Kc obtained in the sweet pepper cultivated
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two planting densities (1.4 and 2.4 plants m-2) and three volumes of substrate plant-1 (7, 14 L and 21 L) on the Kc of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) in coconut fiber in a greenhouse. The experiment was carried out from April 22 to August 28, 2016, at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Research Station, Alajuela, Costa Rica. It was used a three complete randomized blocks experimental design with a bifactorial treatment arrangement. The Kc were obtained as the ratio between the crop evapotranspiration (ETc ) obtained by the water balance method, and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo ) according to Penman-Monteith FAO-56. The Kc of sweet pepper hydroponic under greenhouse were not affected by the interaction between plant density and substrate volume (P>0.05); however, both factors affected (P<0.05) individually, with a more significant effect of the density factor. Indistinctly the substrate volume, the Kc were reduced in average 33%, going from 2.4 plants m-2 to 1.4 plants m-2. Independent of plantation density, the most significant reduction (11.5%) in Kc occurred when the volume decreased from 21 L to 7 L of substrate plant-1. Plant density and amount of substrate affected the ETc and consequently the Kc of the hydroponic crop of greenhouse sweet pepper. The technique of hydroponic greenhouse crop along with the climate and cultivation practices reflected appreciable differences between Kc FAO-56 values and the Kc obtained in the sweet pepper cultivated
Descripción
Palabras clave
Coeficiente único de cultivo, Evapotranspiración de cultivo, Método FAO-56, Cultivos en invernadero, Balance hídrico, Single crop coefficient, Crop evapotranspiration, FAO-56 method, Glasshouse production, Water balance
Citación
https://revistas.unicentro.br/index.php/repaa/article/view/5858