Caracterización clínica, epidemiológica y de respuesta a tratamiento de los pacientes con diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide aguda en tratamiento con esquema de manejo LMA 2007 modificado CR, atendidos en Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera” en el período comprendido de enero del 2007 a diciembre del 2020
Loading...
Date
2022
Authors
Rodríguez Quirós, Noylin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
RESUMEN
Introducción: La leucemia mieloide aguda es una enfermedad heterogénea, y la alteración oncológica mieloide más común en pediatría, con una probabilidad de curación con terapias convencionales que depende tanto del paciente como de las características relacionadas con la enfermedad, y que representa una alta mortalidad en pediatría. El objetivo de este estudio es lograr la caracterización clínica, epidemiológica y de respuesta al tratamiento de los pacientes con diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide aguda con esquema de manejo LMA 2007 modificado CR.
Metodología: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo, que consistió en la revisión de expedientes digitales y expedientes, de los pacientes menores de 13 años, con diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide aguda, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera”, durante el periodo del enero del 2007 a diciembre del 2020.
Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 51 pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda. Predomino el sexo masculino en una proporción de 3:1. El promedio de edad al diagnóstico fue de 4,4 años ± 3.8 años. El 29,4% asocian Síndrome de Down. Los síntomas más frecuentes encontrados al diagnóstico fueron palidez, fiebre y adinamia. La LMA M5 fue el subtipo más frecuente con un 35,3% de los casos. Se presentó enfermedad en SNC en 22% de los pacientes y el 5,9% presentaba enfermedad extramedular. La t(8;21) (q22;q22) fue la alteración por biología molecular y por citogenética más frecuente reportada, en un 5%. Al final de la segunda inducción el 76,2% de los pacientes lograron una remisión completa y un 14,3% fallo terapéutico. El 74,5% de los pacientes finalizaron protocolo con remisión completa, y de estos el 31,1% presentan luego una recaída medular. Al completar estudio se presenta una mortalidad del 39,2%, con avance de la enfermedad como principal causa de muerte en un 42,3% de los casos. La sobrevida global de los pacientes es de 41,6% a los 3 años.
Conclusión: Los hallazgos encontrados en el estudio son similares a lo reportado en la literatura en la mayoría de las variables. Difiere en cuanto a reporte de biología molecular y citogenética, que se dio un porcentaje menor de pacientes con alguna alteración. La remisión al finalizar inducción, la mortalidad, causa de muerte, recaída y SV son similares. No se logró encontrar una variable independiente que afectara de forma significativa la sobrevida de los pacientes.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is heterogeneous disease and it represents the most common myeloid alteration in pediatric oncology. The likelihood of a cure with conventional therapy depends on the individual patient, disease characteristics, and its high mortality in pediatrics. The objective of this study is to achieve the clinical, epidemiologic and treatment response characterization of the patients with the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with the treatment protocol of LMA 2007 modified CR. Methods: Observational, retrospective, and descriptive study that involved the medical record review (both physical and digital) of the patients younger than 13 years of age, with the diagnosis of Acute myeloid leukemia seen in the Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Saenz Herrera” between January 2007 to December 2020. Results: A total of 51 patients were included with a male predominance of 3:1. The average age at diagnosis was 4.4 years ± 3.8 years. 29.4% of the patients had the diagnosis of Down syndrome. The most frequent symptoms at diagnosis were paleness, fever, and fatigue. 35.3% of the cases had AML M5 subtype. 22% of the patients had disease extension to their Central Nervous System (CNS) and 5.9% of the total of the patients had extramedullar disease. t(8;21) (q22;q22) was the most common anomaly detected by cytogenetic and molecular biology and present in 5% of the cases. After the second induction phase 76.2% of the patients had complete remission and 14.3% had therapeutic failure. 74.5% of the patients were able to finish their protocol with complete remission, however from this group 31.1% had medullar recurrence later. The overall mortality rate is 39.2% and the progression of disease was the main cause of death in 42.3% of the patients. The global survival rate after 3 years was 41.6% Conclusion: The results of this study are similar to the findings reported in the literature for most variables. The main difference resides on cytogenetic and molecular biology anomalies as our cohort had a lower percentage. Remission after the induction phase, mortality, cause of death, recurrence and survival rate were similar. We couldn’t identify an independent variable that was associated significantly to the survival rate of our patients.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is heterogeneous disease and it represents the most common myeloid alteration in pediatric oncology. The likelihood of a cure with conventional therapy depends on the individual patient, disease characteristics, and its high mortality in pediatrics. The objective of this study is to achieve the clinical, epidemiologic and treatment response characterization of the patients with the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with the treatment protocol of LMA 2007 modified CR. Methods: Observational, retrospective, and descriptive study that involved the medical record review (both physical and digital) of the patients younger than 13 years of age, with the diagnosis of Acute myeloid leukemia seen in the Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Saenz Herrera” between January 2007 to December 2020. Results: A total of 51 patients were included with a male predominance of 3:1. The average age at diagnosis was 4.4 years ± 3.8 years. 29.4% of the patients had the diagnosis of Down syndrome. The most frequent symptoms at diagnosis were paleness, fever, and fatigue. 35.3% of the cases had AML M5 subtype. 22% of the patients had disease extension to their Central Nervous System (CNS) and 5.9% of the total of the patients had extramedullar disease. t(8;21) (q22;q22) was the most common anomaly detected by cytogenetic and molecular biology and present in 5% of the cases. After the second induction phase 76.2% of the patients had complete remission and 14.3% had therapeutic failure. 74.5% of the patients were able to finish their protocol with complete remission, however from this group 31.1% had medullar recurrence later. The overall mortality rate is 39.2% and the progression of disease was the main cause of death in 42.3% of the patients. The global survival rate after 3 years was 41.6% Conclusion: The results of this study are similar to the findings reported in the literature for most variables. The main difference resides on cytogenetic and molecular biology anomalies as our cohort had a lower percentage. Remission after the induction phase, mortality, cause of death, recurrence and survival rate were similar. We couldn’t identify an independent variable that was associated significantly to the survival rate of our patients.
Description
Keywords
Leucemia mieloide aguda, hematología