Diseño y gestión de pavimentos portuarios en Costa Rica
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Chacón Ramírez, Danny Mauricio
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Abstract
En el presente trabajo se desarrolló una propuesta de guía para el diseño de pavimentos portuarios. La guía de diseño desarrollada presenta generalidades respeto a la tipología de equipos que comúnmente operan dentro de una terminal portuaria, así como cargas típicas de almacenaje y de equipos, que pueden ser empleadas en caso de no contar con información específica del caso bajo análisis.
La guía de diseño contempla un flujo de diseño que parte de la recopilación de datos del proyecto, determinación de cargas, definición de propiedades físico-mecánicas de los materiales para diseño, un procedimiento de diseño preliminar y posteriormente la evaluación mediante metodologías de diseño específicas para cada tipología de estructura de pavimento.
Una vez planteada la guía de diseño, se aplicó al proyecto de la Terminal de Contenedores de Moín, preliminarmente se obtuvo que una estructura en losas de concreto o una estructura de adoquines sobre base tratada son las opciones recomendadas. Posteriormente se procedió a aplicar las secciones de la guía de diseño para metodologías especificas según la tipología. En términos generales se obtuvo que para el caso de losas de concreto, se dio un incremento del espesor de losa al aplicar la metodología de diseño especifica. En el caso de la estructura de adoquines, al aplicar la metodología especifica de diseño, se obtuvo una reducción en el espesor de adoquín requerido en general. No obstante se requirió de un espesor mayor de base tratada y una capa de subbase.
Se realizo una comparativa económica del costo por metro cuadrado de cada tipo de estructura, en general se obtuvo que económicamente la estructura de adoquines con base tratada es la de menor costo.
In this paper, a proposal for a guide for the design of port pavements was developed. The design guide developed presents generalities regarding the typology of equipment that commonly operates within a port terminal, as well as typical storage and equipment loads, which can be used in case of not having specific information of the case under analysis. The design guide contemplates a design flow that starts from the collection of project data, determination of loads, definition of physical-mechanical properties of the materials for design, a preliminary design procedure and subsequently the evaluation of using specific design methodologies for each type of pavement structure. Once the design guide was raised, it was applied to the project of the Moin´s Container Terminal, preliminarily it was obtained that a structure in concrete sleds or a structure of cobblestones on a treated basis are the recommended options. Subsequently, the sections of the design guide were applied to specific methodologies according to the typology. In general terms it was obtained that in the case of concrete slabs, there was an increase in the thickness of the slab when applying the specific design methodology. In the case of the cobblestone structure, by applying the specific design methodology, a reduction in the required cobblestone thickness was obtained in general. However, a greater thickness of treated base and a layer of subbase were required. An economic comparison of the cost per square meter of each type of structure was made, in general it was obtained that economically the structure of cobblestones with treated base is the one with the lowest cost.
In this paper, a proposal for a guide for the design of port pavements was developed. The design guide developed presents generalities regarding the typology of equipment that commonly operates within a port terminal, as well as typical storage and equipment loads, which can be used in case of not having specific information of the case under analysis. The design guide contemplates a design flow that starts from the collection of project data, determination of loads, definition of physical-mechanical properties of the materials for design, a preliminary design procedure and subsequently the evaluation of using specific design methodologies for each type of pavement structure. Once the design guide was raised, it was applied to the project of the Moin´s Container Terminal, preliminarily it was obtained that a structure in concrete sleds or a structure of cobblestones on a treated basis are the recommended options. Subsequently, the sections of the design guide were applied to specific methodologies according to the typology. In general terms it was obtained that in the case of concrete slabs, there was an increase in the thickness of the slab when applying the specific design methodology. In the case of the cobblestone structure, by applying the specific design methodology, a reduction in the required cobblestone thickness was obtained in general. However, a greater thickness of treated base and a layer of subbase were required. An economic comparison of the cost per square meter of each type of structure was made, in general it was obtained that economically the structure of cobblestones with treated base is the one with the lowest cost.
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Keywords
Puertos, Pavimento, Losas, Concreto, Adoquines, Ports, Pavement, Slabs, Concrete, Cobblestones