Manejo de visitantes y atención del turista en áreas protegidas costeras. Estudio de la capacidad de carga en el Parque Nacional Marino Ballena, Costa Rica
Loading...
Date
Authors
Zumbado Morales, Félix
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
En un área natural protegida el estudio de la capacidad de carga debe considerar un enfoque sistémico como base del
proceso de planifcación. La capacidad de carga se establece como el número de visitantes que pueden realizar una visita a una zona
turística sin que esto ponga en riesgo los recursos naturales de la zona. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la
capacidad de carga, en este caso del Parque Nacional Marino Balle- na, ubicado en la provincia de Puntarenas en Costa Rica. La meto- dología de trabajo fue mixta, realizando análisis cuantitativo y cua- litativo en las diferentes etapas. Se utilizaron herramientas como
la entrevista, observación (participante y no participante), giras de trabajo de campo, registro fotográfco, análisis en sistemas de infor-
mación geográfca, análisis de fotografías aéreas e imágenes multi- espectrales, análisis de los Planes de Manejo, relaciones espaciales
entre las áreas protegidas y sus zonas de infuencia, y adecuación de metodologías de capacidad de carga a las características de la
zona. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de inversión en con- tratación de personal e infraestructura para la adecuada atención
del turismo, sin desmejorar los objetivos de conservación del sitio. Se determinó el número máximo de visitantes para las cuatro en-
tradas del parque y se generaron mapas donde se indican los sitios para la colocación de nuevas baterías sanitarias y torres de vigilan- cia. Una importante implicancia de este trabajo es que los estudios de capacidad de carga, límites de cambio aceptable o manejos de
visitación en áreas protegidas deben adaptarse a las condiciones de los sistemas donde se aplicarán los análisis
In a protected natural area, a load capacity study must use a systemic approach as the basis for the planning process. Load capacity is determined as the number of visitors who can visit a tourist zone without putting the area’s natural resources at risk. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the load capacity in the case of the Marino Ballena National Park, located in Puntarenas Province in Costa Rica. The work methodology was mixed, conducting quantitative and qualitative analyses at different stages. Tools such as the interview, (participant and non-participant) observation, working field trips, photographic records, analyses in geographic information systems, analyses of aerial photographs and multispectral images, analyses of the management plans, spatial relations between the protected areas and their areas of influence and adjustment of load capacity methodologies to the characteristics of the zone were used. The results show the need to invest in personnel and infrastructure for the suitable attention to tourism, without diminishing the conservation goals of the site. The maximum number of visitors for the four park entrances was determined and maps were drawn indicating the sites to place new lavatory facilities and watchtowers. An important implication of this work is that load capacity studies, limits of acceptable change or visitor management in protected areas must adapt to the conditions of the systems where the analyses will be applied.
In a protected natural area, a load capacity study must use a systemic approach as the basis for the planning process. Load capacity is determined as the number of visitors who can visit a tourist zone without putting the area’s natural resources at risk. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the load capacity in the case of the Marino Ballena National Park, located in Puntarenas Province in Costa Rica. The work methodology was mixed, conducting quantitative and qualitative analyses at different stages. Tools such as the interview, (participant and non-participant) observation, working field trips, photographic records, analyses in geographic information systems, analyses of aerial photographs and multispectral images, analyses of the management plans, spatial relations between the protected areas and their areas of influence and adjustment of load capacity methodologies to the characteristics of the zone were used. The results show the need to invest in personnel and infrastructure for the suitable attention to tourism, without diminishing the conservation goals of the site. The maximum number of visitors for the four park entrances was determined and maps were drawn indicating the sites to place new lavatory facilities and watchtowers. An important implication of this work is that load capacity studies, limits of acceptable change or visitor management in protected areas must adapt to the conditions of the systems where the analyses will be applied.
Description
Keywords
Área natural protegida, Capacidad de carga, Protected natural area, Load capacity, Tourist zone, Conservation, Visitor management
Citation
https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-235X2017000100068