Estrategia de promoción de la salud colectiva con personas en situación de calle en la ciudad de San José
Fecha
2024
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Brenes Vargas, Yordan Steven
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
El presente trabajo final de investigación aplicada buscó comprender los procesos que determinan las necesidades sociales en salud de las personas en situación de calle con el fin de proponer lineamientos en promoción de la salud colectiva de estas personas. Como población invisibilizada y en constantes procesos de vulnerabilización, el trabajo con esta población amerita acompañamientos donde visualicemos a estas personas desde otro lugar tanto en la sociedad como en la producción de conocimiento, es decir, ir más allá de los estigmas y la poca participación que tienen estas personas. Para esto, partimos de marcos teórico-epistemológicos y ético-políticos como la Psicología Comunitaria, la Epidemiología Crítica, y la Salud Colectiva, los cuales permitieron una comprensión de la realidad desde la complejidad, una incorporación de dimensiones generales, particulares y singulares en la determinación del proceso salud enfermedad y un acompañamiento desde una perspectiva dialéctica, participativa, y crítica. Metodológicamente, la estrategia de acompañamiento se basó en una propuesta de combinar las técnicas de entrevistas en movimiento (walking interviews) y producciones narrativas, para el desarrollo de la técnica de producciones narrativas en movimiento, donde a través de distintos encuentros y desplazamientos con las personas, logramos construir cinco narrativas que explican las necesidades sociales en salud de las personas en situación de calle.
Como principales resultados evidenciamos que las necesidades sociales en salud de las personas en situación de calle, además de pasar por un tema biomédico, están atravesadas por aspectos culturales y políticos, en tanto son las formas de vinculación con estas personas, la vulnerabilización de sus derechos, y la sesgada atención que se genera en su atención, los procesos que mayoritariamente determinan las condiciones, en que estas personas se desenvuelven cotidianamente y que afectan sus procesos de salud enfermedad, consecuentemente inclinándose hacia la enfermedad.
Ante esto, propusimos una serie de lineamientos en promoción de la salud colectiva, que buscan enfatizar aspectos que modifiquen los procesos dialécticos de las dimensiones estudiadas y así, cambiar la determinación social de la salud de esta población. Además, realizamos una reflexión teórico-metodológica sobre la propuesta metodológica realizada y el proceso de acompañamiento comunitario. Finalmente, presentamos una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones de esta experiencia colectiva de producción de conocimiento.
This final applied research sought to understand the processes and factors that determine the social health needs of homeless people in order to propose guidelines for the promotion of the collective health of these people. As an invisible population exposed to constant vulnerabilization processes, working with homeless people deserves accompaniments where we visualize these people from another place both in society and in the production of knowledge, that is, to go beyond the stigmas and the limited participation that these people usually experience. For this, we started from theoretical-epistemological and ethical-political frameworks such as Community Psychology, Critical Epidemiology, and Collective Health, which allowed an understanding of reality from the complexity, an incorporation of general, particular, and singular dimensions in the determination of the health-disease process and an accompaniment from a dialectical, participatory and critical perspective. Methodologically, the accompaniment strategy was based on a proposal to combine the techniques of walking interviews and narrative productions, for the development of the technique narrative productions in movement, where through different meetings and displacements with people, we managed to build five narratives that explain the social needs in health of homeless people. As main results, we showed that the social health needs of homeless people, besides being a biomedical issue, are also a cultural and political issue, since it is the types of connection with these people, the vulnerability of their human rights, and the biased attention that is generated in their care, the factors that mostly determine the conditions in which these people develop daily and affect their health-disease processes, consequently leaning towards disease side. In view of this, we proposed different guidelines in collective health promotion, which seek to emphasize aspects that modify the dialectic processes of the dimensions studied and thus, change the social determination of the health of this population. In addition, we make a theoretical-methodological reflection on the methodological proposal and the process of community accompaniment. Finally, we present a series of conclusions and recommendations of this collective experience of knowledge production.
This final applied research sought to understand the processes and factors that determine the social health needs of homeless people in order to propose guidelines for the promotion of the collective health of these people. As an invisible population exposed to constant vulnerabilization processes, working with homeless people deserves accompaniments where we visualize these people from another place both in society and in the production of knowledge, that is, to go beyond the stigmas and the limited participation that these people usually experience. For this, we started from theoretical-epistemological and ethical-political frameworks such as Community Psychology, Critical Epidemiology, and Collective Health, which allowed an understanding of reality from the complexity, an incorporation of general, particular, and singular dimensions in the determination of the health-disease process and an accompaniment from a dialectical, participatory and critical perspective. Methodologically, the accompaniment strategy was based on a proposal to combine the techniques of walking interviews and narrative productions, for the development of the technique narrative productions in movement, where through different meetings and displacements with people, we managed to build five narratives that explain the social needs in health of homeless people. As main results, we showed that the social health needs of homeless people, besides being a biomedical issue, are also a cultural and political issue, since it is the types of connection with these people, the vulnerability of their human rights, and the biased attention that is generated in their care, the factors that mostly determine the conditions in which these people develop daily and affect their health-disease processes, consequently leaning towards disease side. In view of this, we proposed different guidelines in collective health promotion, which seek to emphasize aspects that modify the dialectic processes of the dimensions studied and thus, change the social determination of the health of this population. In addition, we make a theoretical-methodological reflection on the methodological proposal and the process of community accompaniment. Finally, we present a series of conclusions and recommendations of this collective experience of knowledge production.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Salud, Promoción de la salud, Personas en condición de calle