Respuestas del mesozooplancton a condiciones oceanográficas en diferentes escalas en Bahía Salinas, Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica, durante 2011-2013.
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Morales Ramírez, Álvaro
Till Pons, Ivana
Alfaro Martínez, Eric J.
Corrales Ugalde, Marco
Sheridan Rodríguez, Carolina
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Abstract
Introducción: El Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica se caracteriza por presentar una variación de la temperatura
subsuperficial del mar (TSSM) modulada por vientos
superficiales de componente este, con variaciones estacionales e intra-estacional. La TSSM es fundamental para las
interacciones de la interfase océano-atmósfera y de gran
influencia en los procesos biológicos marinos. Los estudios
de zooplancton en el Pacífico Norte son escasos y se han
enfocado en la composición, abundancia y biomasa de
macro y mesozooplanctonen en Bahía Culebra. No se han
realizado trabajos sobre zooplancton al norte del Golfo de
Papagayo.
Objetivo: Analizar la variación del zooplancton de Bahía
Salinas a diferentes escalas como respuesta a condiciones
oceanográficas-atmosféricas.
Métodos: durante algunos meses de los años 2011, 2012
y 2013, el mesozooplancton fue muestreado en siete
estaciones siguiendo un gradiente costero-oceánico para
determinar su abundancia, biomasa y composición de la
comunidad. Se realizaron lances de CTD en cada estación,
y se recopilaron datos horarios de la TSSM desde junio de
2003 a diciembre de 2017.
Resultados: La temperatura superficial anual en Bahía
Salinas es menor en diciembre-abril con un mínimo secundario en julio y mayor en mayo-junio, y agosto-octubre.
Los eventos fríos, neutros y cálidos determinados por
anomalías en la TSSM, presentaron una distribución de
la temperatura en la columna de agua con estratificación horizontal, de mezcla vertical y homogénea, respectivamente. La distribución espacial del zooplancton no presentó diferencias significativas y la variación del promedio
total de abundancia y biomasa mostró un comportamiento
similar durante el período de estudio, con menor variación
en el primer año en comparación con el segundo, siendo
los copépodos la categoría predominante para todas las
fechas. A escala estacional no se observó un patrón general
de variación entre estación seca y lluviosa y, copépodos
y otros grupos del zooplancton fueron las categorías que
presentaron diferencias. A escala intra-estacional la abundancia y biomasa presentaron una relación inversa con la
TSSM y se vieron afectadas de manera diferencial. Los
copépodos y zooplancton gelatinoso se diferenciaron en
todos los eventos.
Conclusiones: El zooplancton de Bahía de Salinas responde de manera diferencial en las diferentes escalas a las
condiciones climáticas que afectan la TSSM de la región.
La clasificación de las fechas de muestreo en eventos
permite caracterizar diferentes perfiles en la columna de
agua, así como permite definer patrones de variación para
el mesozooplancton, que refleja la adaptación a corto plazo
en función de la variación de las condiciones ambientales.
El conocimiento generado ayuda a comprender mejor los
fenómenos oceanográficos y su efecto sobre las poblaciones de plancton y la biota en general, especialmente
en el escenario de cambio climático y las manifestaciones
modernas de su impacto, p. e. la acidificación oceánica y
pérdida de biodiversidad marina.
Introduction: The North Pacific of Costa Rica is characterized by presenting a variation of the subsurface temperature of the sea (SSST) modulated by surface winds with east component, with seasonal and intra-seasonal variations. The SSST is fundamental for the interactions of the ocean-atmosphere interface and influence marine biological processes. Zooplankton studies in the North Pacific are scarce and have been focused on the composition, abundance and biomass of macro and mesozooplankton in Culebra Bay. No works on zooplankton has been carried out northward of Papagayo Gulf. Objective: To analyze the variation of the zooplankton in Bahía Salinas at different scales in response to oceanographic-atmospheric conditions. Methods: during 2011, 2012 and 2013, mesozooplankton was collected in seven stations following a coastalocean gradient to determine abundance, biomass, and community composition. CTD casts were also carried out in each station. Hourly data of the Sea Subsurface Temperature (SSST) were obtained from June 2003 to December 2017. Results: The annual surface temperature in Bahía Salinas was lower in December-April with a secondary minimum in July and higher in May-June and August-November. The cold, neutral and warm events determined by anomalies in the SSST, presented a distribution of the temperature in the water column with horizontal stratification, vertical mixture and homogeneous, respectively. The spatial distribution of zooplankton did not show significant differences and the variation of the total average abundance and biomass showed a similar behavior during the study period, with less variation in the first year compared to the second one, being the copepods the predominant category for all the dates. On a seasonal scale, a general pattern of variation between dry and rainy seasons was not observed, and copepods and others zooplankton groups were the categories that presented differences. On an intra-seasonal scale, abundance and biomass showed an inverse relationship with SST. Copepods and gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) were differentiated in all events. Conclusions: The zooplankton of Bahía Salinas respond differentially at different scales to the climatic conditions that affect the SSST of the region. The classification of the sampling dates into events allows characterizing different profiles in the water column it also allows to define the variation patterns for mesozooplankton that reflects short-term adaptation as a function of variation in environmental conditions. These findings help to understand how oceanographic processes determine plankton community composition and biota in general. This is relevant in times of climate change and the manifestation of its impact through processes such as ocean acidification and loss of marine biodiversity.
Introduction: The North Pacific of Costa Rica is characterized by presenting a variation of the subsurface temperature of the sea (SSST) modulated by surface winds with east component, with seasonal and intra-seasonal variations. The SSST is fundamental for the interactions of the ocean-atmosphere interface and influence marine biological processes. Zooplankton studies in the North Pacific are scarce and have been focused on the composition, abundance and biomass of macro and mesozooplankton in Culebra Bay. No works on zooplankton has been carried out northward of Papagayo Gulf. Objective: To analyze the variation of the zooplankton in Bahía Salinas at different scales in response to oceanographic-atmospheric conditions. Methods: during 2011, 2012 and 2013, mesozooplankton was collected in seven stations following a coastalocean gradient to determine abundance, biomass, and community composition. CTD casts were also carried out in each station. Hourly data of the Sea Subsurface Temperature (SSST) were obtained from June 2003 to December 2017. Results: The annual surface temperature in Bahía Salinas was lower in December-April with a secondary minimum in July and higher in May-June and August-November. The cold, neutral and warm events determined by anomalies in the SSST, presented a distribution of the temperature in the water column with horizontal stratification, vertical mixture and homogeneous, respectively. The spatial distribution of zooplankton did not show significant differences and the variation of the total average abundance and biomass showed a similar behavior during the study period, with less variation in the first year compared to the second one, being the copepods the predominant category for all the dates. On a seasonal scale, a general pattern of variation between dry and rainy seasons was not observed, and copepods and others zooplankton groups were the categories that presented differences. On an intra-seasonal scale, abundance and biomass showed an inverse relationship with SST. Copepods and gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) were differentiated in all events. Conclusions: The zooplankton of Bahía Salinas respond differentially at different scales to the climatic conditions that affect the SSST of the region. The classification of the sampling dates into events allows characterizing different profiles in the water column it also allows to define the variation patterns for mesozooplankton that reflects short-term adaptation as a function of variation in environmental conditions. These findings help to understand how oceanographic processes determine plankton community composition and biota in general. This is relevant in times of climate change and the manifestation of its impact through processes such as ocean acidification and loss of marine biodiversity.
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Keywords
Afloramiento, Temperatura subsuperficial del mar, Pacífico Tropical Oriental, Biomasa, Abundancia, Composición, Upwelling, Subsurface temperature of the sea, Eastern Tropical Pacific, Biomass, Abundance, Composition
Citation
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/48741