Vivencias y Experiencias de los y las Profesionales en Enfermería Ginecoobstétrica ante la Muerte Perinatal, en las Salas de Maternidad
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Chacón Ceciliano, Carolina
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Abstract
Así, cuando los profesionales prestan sus cuidados en un entorno de sufrimiento, de dolor
emocional donde deben discutir y atender temas sensibles y acompañar situaciones de impacto emocional, emanan unos comportamientos y reacciones que pueden repercutir no solo en la toma de decisiones sobre el cuidado, sino en la calidad de la atención. (20) En ocasiones la saturación emocional y la gestión del impacto emocional provoca conductas evitativas en los profesionales (21) como la huida, la aceptación resignada, el olvido y el distanciamiento (18).
El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la mejor evidencia científica
disponible sobre las vivencias y experiencias ante la pérdida perinatal desde la perspectiva de las y los obstetras.
Este trabajo utiliza una metodología de revisión integrativa de literatura, con un alcance
descriptivo, fundamentada por los parámetros ya establecidos de Whittemore y Knafl (52).
La secuencia de etapas para la recolección de la información se inició con la aplicación
del mapa de búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, COCHRANE, SCIENCIE DIRECT, TRID DATA BASE , SCIELO, PUBMED, donde se introdujeron los siguientes criterios de filtro de información: se seleccionaron artículos con un periodo de publicación entre los años 2011 y 2020, Enfermeras (os), del área (perinatología), que han atendido una o más pérdidas perinatales durante su experiencia laboral, la población se delimitó a vivencias y experiencias de los profesionales obstétricos en las salas de maternidad de cualquier edad, únicamente se incluyeron estudios de tipo Ensayos
Aleatorizados Controlados, Revisiones Sistemáticas, Meta análisis o Guías de Práctica Clínica y de preferencia artículos científicos en idioma inglés , portugués, Español.
Esta búsqueda y análisis de la evidencia encontrada se realizó durante el año 2021, por
dos revisores. Los resultados obtenidos para el análisis crítico fueron revisados minuciosamente a través de la plataforma informática FLC 2.0 con las plantillas de Ensayo Clínico y Revisión Sistemática y PRISMA.
En esta revisión integrativa, se hacen visibles varias consideraciones concernientes a
las vivencias y experiencias de los y las profesionales en enfermería ginecoobstétrica ante la muerte perinatal, en las salas de maternidad. Queda en evidencia que no solo debemos enfocarnos en el sentimiento de los padres, sino también es de suma importancia involucrar los sentimientos de los profesionales.
Thus, when professionals provide their care in an environment of suffering, emotional pain where they must discuss and attend to sensitive issues and accompany situations of emotional impact, behaviors and reactions emanate that can have repercussions not only on decision-making about care, but in the quality of care. (20) Sometimes emotional saturation and the management of the emotional impact provoke avoidance behaviors in professionals (21) such as flight, resigned acceptance, forgetfulness and distancing (18). The objective of this study is to analyze the best available scientific evidence on the experiences and experiences of perinatal loss from the perspective of obstetricians. This work uses an integrative literature review methodology, with a descriptive scope, based on the already established parameters of Whittemore and Knafl (52). The sequence of stages for the collection of the information began with the application of the search map in the databases MEDLINE, COCHRANE, SCIENCIE DIRECT, TRID DATA BASE, SCIELO, PUBMED, where the following information filter criteria were introduced: Articles were selected with a publication period between 2011 and 2020, Nurses, from the area (perinatology), who have attended one or more perinatal losses during their work experience, the population was delimited to experiences and experiences of the professionals Obstetricians in maternity wards of any age, only studies of the type Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, Meta-analysis or Clinical Practice Guidelines were included, and preferably scientific articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. This search and analysis of the evidence found was carried out during the year 2021, by two reviewers. The results obtained for the critical analysis were meticulously reviewed through the FLC 2.0 computer platform with the Clinical Trial and Systematic Review templates and PRISMA. In this integrative review, several considerations are made visible concerning the experiences and experiences of gynecological and obstetric nursing professionals in the face of perinatal death in maternity wards. It is evident that we should not only focus on the feelings of the parents, but it is also very important to involve the feelings of the professionals.
Thus, when professionals provide their care in an environment of suffering, emotional pain where they must discuss and attend to sensitive issues and accompany situations of emotional impact, behaviors and reactions emanate that can have repercussions not only on decision-making about care, but in the quality of care. (20) Sometimes emotional saturation and the management of the emotional impact provoke avoidance behaviors in professionals (21) such as flight, resigned acceptance, forgetfulness and distancing (18). The objective of this study is to analyze the best available scientific evidence on the experiences and experiences of perinatal loss from the perspective of obstetricians. This work uses an integrative literature review methodology, with a descriptive scope, based on the already established parameters of Whittemore and Knafl (52). The sequence of stages for the collection of the information began with the application of the search map in the databases MEDLINE, COCHRANE, SCIENCIE DIRECT, TRID DATA BASE, SCIELO, PUBMED, where the following information filter criteria were introduced: Articles were selected with a publication period between 2011 and 2020, Nurses, from the area (perinatology), who have attended one or more perinatal losses during their work experience, the population was delimited to experiences and experiences of the professionals Obstetricians in maternity wards of any age, only studies of the type Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, Meta-analysis or Clinical Practice Guidelines were included, and preferably scientific articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. This search and analysis of the evidence found was carried out during the year 2021, by two reviewers. The results obtained for the critical analysis were meticulously reviewed through the FLC 2.0 computer platform with the Clinical Trial and Systematic Review templates and PRISMA. In this integrative review, several considerations are made visible concerning the experiences and experiences of gynecological and obstetric nursing professionals in the face of perinatal death in maternity wards. It is evident that we should not only focus on the feelings of the parents, but it is also very important to involve the feelings of the professionals.
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Keywords
Vivencias y Experiencias, Muerte Perinatal, Profesionales Ginecoobtétricos