Modeling and classification of neutron star pulse profiles using a massive scalar field theory
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Los perfiles de pulso de estrellas de neutrones contienen información sobre la ecuación de estado de materia densa y la teoría subyacente de la gravedad. Esta tesis presenta un modelado de perfiles de pulsos mediante trazado de rayos tanto en Relatividad General como en Teorías Escalar-Tensor, centrándose en su posible degeneración en observaciones del Explorador de Composición Interior de Estrellas de Neutrones (NICER). Una versión modificada del código Rapid Neutron Star (RNS), que originalmente calcula modelos de estrellas de neutrones en Relatividad General usando ecuaciones de estado politrópicas, usa métricas numéricas del espacio-tiempo para producir sus resultados. El software de trazado de rayos Ujti se extendió para incorporar el modelo generado por la versión modificada del código RNS para dos ecuaciones de estado (BSk22 y SLy9) y distintos parámetros de la Teoría Escalar-Tensor (β y m_ϕ). Se generaron curvas de luz para varias geometrías de puntos calientes (hotspots) bajo diferentes inclinaciones del observador con el fin de demostrar las capacidades de la versión modificada de Ujti. Posteriormente, se modelaron las curvas de luz de un hotspot circular bajo dos inclinaciones (plano ecuatorial y 35°), comparando los efectos de la composición interna de la estrella de neutrones, la teoría de la gravedad y la inclinación del observador. Los resultados demuestran que tanto las modificaciones de la ecuación de estado como las de la Teoría Escalar-Tensor producen cambios detectables en la forma y amplitud del pulso; sin embargo, ciertas combinaciones generan perfiles altamente similares, revelando degeneraciones. Se cuantificaron las diferencias relativas de flujo entre las curvas de luz más similares, con implicaciones para la indistinguibilidad de perfiles de pulso producidos por distintas composiciones internas y configuraciones de la Teoría Escalar-Tensor. Este trabajo proporciona un marco para probar teorías alternativas de la gravitación frente a observaciones de NICER y resalta la necesidad de más restricciones para romper las degeneraciones en el modelado de estrellas de neutrones y del espacio-tiempo.
Neutron star pulse profiles encode information about the dense matter equation of state and the underlying theory of gravity. This thesis presents a comprehensive modeling of X-ray pulse profiles using ray-tracing in both General Relativity and Scalar-Tensor Theories, focusing on their potential degeneracy in Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) observations. A modified version of the Rapid Neutron Star (RNS) software, which originally computes models of neutron stars in General Relativity using polytropic equations of state, uses numerical spacetime metrics to produce its results. The Ujti ray-tracing software was extended to incorporate the model produced by the modified RNS code for two equations of state (BSk22 and SLy9) and varying Scalar-Tensor Theory parameters (β and m_ϕ). Light curves were generated for several hotspot geometries under different observer inclinations to prove the capabilities of the modified version of Ujti. Subsequently, the light curves of a circular hotspot under two inclinations (equatorial plane and 35°) were modeled, systematically comparing the effects of neutron star internal composition, theory of gravity, and observer inclination. Results demonstrate that both equation of state and Scalar-Tensor Theory modifications produce detectable changes in pulse shape and amplitude, yet certain combinations yield highly similar profiles, revealing degeneracies. Relative flux differences between the most similar light curves were quantified, with implications for indistinguishability of pulse profiles produced by different internal composition and Scalar-Tensor Theory configurations. This work provides a framework for testing alternative gravitation theories against NICER observations and highlights the need for more constraints to break degeneracies in neutron star and spacetime modeling.
Neutron star pulse profiles encode information about the dense matter equation of state and the underlying theory of gravity. This thesis presents a comprehensive modeling of X-ray pulse profiles using ray-tracing in both General Relativity and Scalar-Tensor Theories, focusing on their potential degeneracy in Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) observations. A modified version of the Rapid Neutron Star (RNS) software, which originally computes models of neutron stars in General Relativity using polytropic equations of state, uses numerical spacetime metrics to produce its results. The Ujti ray-tracing software was extended to incorporate the model produced by the modified RNS code for two equations of state (BSk22 and SLy9) and varying Scalar-Tensor Theory parameters (β and m_ϕ). Light curves were generated for several hotspot geometries under different observer inclinations to prove the capabilities of the modified version of Ujti. Subsequently, the light curves of a circular hotspot under two inclinations (equatorial plane and 35°) were modeled, systematically comparing the effects of neutron star internal composition, theory of gravity, and observer inclination. Results demonstrate that both equation of state and Scalar-Tensor Theory modifications produce detectable changes in pulse shape and amplitude, yet certain combinations yield highly similar profiles, revealing degeneracies. Relative flux differences between the most similar light curves were quantified, with implications for indistinguishability of pulse profiles produced by different internal composition and Scalar-Tensor Theory configurations. This work provides a framework for testing alternative gravitation theories against NICER observations and highlights the need for more constraints to break degeneracies in neutron star and spacetime modeling.
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Astrofísica, Relatividad general, Gravitación, Estrellas de neutrones, Modelización matemática, Métodos numéricos
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