Análisis médico legal de la biomecánica del trauma en la Valoración del Daño Corporal de las lesiones y patologías de tejidos blandos y articulares de mayor incidencia en los accidentes de trabajo con trauma en la columna toracolumbar valorados en la Unidad Médico Legal Laboral de San José entre el año 2019 y 2020
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Villalobos Vargas, Katherine
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Abstract
En este trabajo se realizó un análisis de la biomecánica del trauma y otros aspectos médico legales de las lesiones y patologías de tejidos blandos y articulares de la columna toracolumbar en la Valoración del Daño Corporal de los accidentes laborales con trauma dorsolumbar. El diseño del estudio fue no experimental, de tipo transeccional descriptivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando como muestra 83 dictámenes de la Unidad Médico Legal Laboral de San José emitidos entre el año 2019 y 2020, de los cuales se extrajeron los datos en relación con las lesiones y patologías documentadas a nivel de tejidos blandos y articulares de la columna toracolumbar, las formas en que ocurrieron los accidentes laborales reclamados y el tipo de trauma consignado por el Médico Forense en el informe pericial. Los resultados obtenidos de la información recolectada, evidenciaron que la forma más común en la que ocurrieron este tipo de accidentes laborales con trauma en la columna toracolumbar, se trató de precipitaciones y que en un importante número de casos no se documentó explícitamente, en los apartados de Historia o Fundamentación Médico Legal del dictamen, el tipo de trauma que actuó sobre la columna vertebral. Los datos derivados de esta investigación permitieron conocer además, que las patologías discales corresponden al hallazgo más frecuentemente documentado en el estudio de los accidentes laborales con trauma dorsolumbar. Con base en los resultados obtenidos y la revisión bibliográfica del tema, se construyó una propuesta de Protocolo de Valoración de Daño Corporal en accidentes laborales con trauma dorsolumbar.
This investigation consisted of an analysis of the biomechanics of trauma and other medico-legal aspects of injuries and pathologies of soft and articular tissues of the thoracolumbar spine carried out in the Assessment and Evaluation of Bodily Injury in occupational accidents with thoracolumbar trauma. The study design was non-experimental, descriptive, with a quantitative approach, using as a sample 83 medico-legal reports of the Unidad Médico Legal Laboral in San José issued between 2019 and 2020, from which data were extracted in regards to injuries and pathologies documented in the soft and articular tissues of the thoracolumbar spine, the ways in which the claimed work accidents occurred and the type of trauma recorded by the forensic doctor in the expert report. The data derived from this research revealed that disc pathologies are the most frequent finding documented in occupational accidents with thoracolumbar trauma. In addition, it was evidenced that falls from heights are the most common way in which these occupational accidents with trauma to the thoracolumbar spine occur, and that in a significant number of cases the type of trauma inflicted upon the spine is not documented in the forensic report. Based on the results obtained and the review of the literature, we proposed a Protocol for the Assessment and Evaluation of Bodily Injury in occupational accidents with thoracolumbar trauma.
This investigation consisted of an analysis of the biomechanics of trauma and other medico-legal aspects of injuries and pathologies of soft and articular tissues of the thoracolumbar spine carried out in the Assessment and Evaluation of Bodily Injury in occupational accidents with thoracolumbar trauma. The study design was non-experimental, descriptive, with a quantitative approach, using as a sample 83 medico-legal reports of the Unidad Médico Legal Laboral in San José issued between 2019 and 2020, from which data were extracted in regards to injuries and pathologies documented in the soft and articular tissues of the thoracolumbar spine, the ways in which the claimed work accidents occurred and the type of trauma recorded by the forensic doctor in the expert report. The data derived from this research revealed that disc pathologies are the most frequent finding documented in occupational accidents with thoracolumbar trauma. In addition, it was evidenced that falls from heights are the most common way in which these occupational accidents with trauma to the thoracolumbar spine occur, and that in a significant number of cases the type of trauma inflicted upon the spine is not documented in the forensic report. Based on the results obtained and the review of the literature, we proposed a Protocol for the Assessment and Evaluation of Bodily Injury in occupational accidents with thoracolumbar trauma.
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valoracion daño corporal, medicina legal, columna vertebral, accidente laboral, trauma toracolumbar