Efecto de la fertilización potásica y la tolerancia del estrés hídrico, sobre los rendimiento agroindustriales de la caña de azúcar (saccharum officinarum), variedad laica 12-339, en un suelo mollisol en la finca de la Universidad Técnica Nacional, en Cañas Guanascaste
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González López, Douglas Antonio
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Abstract
La importancia de esta tesis de post grado radica en los beneficios directos como lo son en el complemento para el desarrollo productivo del proyecto cultivo de caña de azúcar, de 100 hectáreas para la finca de la UTN, al igual para los productores cañeros de la provincia de Guanacaste y Costa Rica en general, mejorar en el campo de la irrigación y fertilización potásica relacionados con los rendimientos en contenidos de azúcar de la planta donde va entrar a la agroindustria y su relación directa con el tema hídrico en el suelo, la planta cañera azucarera de la variedad LAICA 12- 339. El objetivo de este proyecto fue evaluar el efecto de cuatro dosis de potasio y dos láminas de riego, sobre el rendimiento agroindustrial del cultivo de la caña de azúcar. El cual se ubicó en la finca de la UTN en Cañas Guanacaste. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completamente al azar en cual consistió de cuatro tratamientos. El manejo de labores técnicos y agronómicas del experimento se realizó siguiendo las mismas prácticas que se realizan en el cultivo convencional en la finca UTN, para el cultivo de la caña de azúcar con la que cuenta el proyecto cañero de la UTN, únicamente la dosis de potasio utilizadas en cada tratamiento de la investigación fueron las variantes (60, 100, 140 y 180 Kg de K2O/ha).
De los resultados obtenidos en el experimento se evidenció que la aplicación de 180 kg de K2O/ha, con un nivel de humedad del 35% fue la mejor productivamente, siendo significativamente a un (p< 0.05) según prueba de Tukey al 5 %. Según el comportamiento agroindustrial de los otros tratamientos, no se observó diferencias significativas entre ellas a un (p< 0.05) donde no hubo diferencia estadística en el experimento. De todos los tratamientos en estudio al menos uno es diferente, por lo tanto, se demostró que el potasio si produjo diferencia significativa sobre el rendimiento en toneladas de caña de azúcar, como también en el rendimiento en kilogramos de azúcar por hectárea, como en los componentes primarios del rendimiento y los componentes agroindustriales.
The importance of this postgraduate thesis lies in the direct benefits such as the complement for the productive development of the sugarcane cultivation project, of 100 hectares for the UTN farm, Likewise, for sugarcane producers in the province of Guanacaste and Costa Rica in general, improve in the field of irrigation and potassium fertilization related to the yields in sugar content of the plant where it is going to enter the agribusiness and its direct relationship with the water issue in the soil, the sugar cane plant of the LAICA 12- 339 variety. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of four doses of potassium and two irrigation sheets on the agro-industrial yield of the sugarcane crop. Which was located on the UTN farm in Cañas Guanacaste. A completely randomized block design was used which consisted of four treatments. The management of technical and agronomic tasks of the experiment was carried out following the same practices that are carried out in conventional cultivation in the UTN farm, for the cultivation of sugar cane that the UTN sugarcane project has, and only the dose of potassium used in each treatment of the investigation were the variants (60, 100, 140 and 180 Kg of K2O / ha). From the results obtained in the experiment it was evidenced that the application of 180 kg of K2O / ha, with a humidity level of 35% was the best productively, being significantly at a (p <0.05) according to the Tukey test at 5%. According to the agroindustry behavior of the other treatments, no significant differences were observed between them at a (p <0.05) where there was no statistical difference in the experiment. Of all the treatments under study, at least one is different, therefore, it was shown that potassium did produce a significant difference on the yield in tons of sugarcane, as well as in the yield in kilograms of sugar per hectare, as well as in the primary components of the yield and the agro-industrial components.
The importance of this postgraduate thesis lies in the direct benefits such as the complement for the productive development of the sugarcane cultivation project, of 100 hectares for the UTN farm, Likewise, for sugarcane producers in the province of Guanacaste and Costa Rica in general, improve in the field of irrigation and potassium fertilization related to the yields in sugar content of the plant where it is going to enter the agribusiness and its direct relationship with the water issue in the soil, the sugar cane plant of the LAICA 12- 339 variety. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of four doses of potassium and two irrigation sheets on the agro-industrial yield of the sugarcane crop. Which was located on the UTN farm in Cañas Guanacaste. A completely randomized block design was used which consisted of four treatments. The management of technical and agronomic tasks of the experiment was carried out following the same practices that are carried out in conventional cultivation in the UTN farm, for the cultivation of sugar cane that the UTN sugarcane project has, and only the dose of potassium used in each treatment of the investigation were the variants (60, 100, 140 and 180 Kg of K2O / ha). From the results obtained in the experiment it was evidenced that the application of 180 kg of K2O / ha, with a humidity level of 35% was the best productively, being significantly at a (p <0.05) according to the Tukey test at 5%. According to the agroindustry behavior of the other treatments, no significant differences were observed between them at a (p <0.05) where there was no statistical difference in the experiment. Of all the treatments under study, at least one is different, therefore, it was shown that potassium did produce a significant difference on the yield in tons of sugarcane, as well as in the yield in kilograms of sugar per hectare, as well as in the primary components of the yield and the agro-industrial components.
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Keywords
Caña de azúcar, Fertilización potásica, Riego, Rendimientos agroindustriales, Sugar cane, Potassium fertilization, Irrigation, Agroindustrial yields