Efecto de coberturas plásticas de colores en las malezas y rendimiento del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) y pepino (Cucumis sativus)
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Herrera Murillo, Franklin
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Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
De febrero a octubre de 1996, en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno, ubicada en el Barrio San José, provincia de Alajuela, Costa Rica, se realizó un experimento con el propósito de evaluar el efecto del color de la cobertura plástica sobre las malezas y sobre el rendimiento de tomate en primera siembra y pepino en segunda siembra. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron cinco coberturas plásticas de 1,5 milésimas de pulgada de espesor, de diferentes colores (negro, plata, café, cohextruidos plata/negro y blanco/negro), y un testigo sin coberturas y con control parcial de malezas. Se encontró que todas las coberturas plásticas permitieron el crecimiento de malezas en el agujero de siembra, siendo mayor el número de éstas con la cobertura color café. Bajo las coberturas plásticas hubo germinación de malezas, pero éstas murieron poco después en aquellas coberturas que no dejaron pasar luz (negro, plata y cohextruidos blanco/negro y plata/negro). Una excepción la constituyó la maleza Cyperus rotundus, que atravesó el plástico y pudo sobrevivir, no obstante, la cobertura color café fue poco perforada, pero éste sobrevivió bajo ella aproximadamente 60 días. Las coberturas plásticas incrementaron el número y rendimiento de frutos de tomate y pepino, pero éstos respondieron diferente a los colores de las coberturas. La mayor producción de tomate ocurrió en la cobertura cohextruida plata/negro, mientras la mayor producción de pepino se obtuvo en la cobertura café.
An experiment was conducted, from February to October of 1996, at the Fabio Baudrit Experiment Station in Alajuela - Costa Rica, to evaluate the effect of the color of the plastic film on the weeds and on the yield of tomato as the first crop and on the cucumber as a second crop. The evaluated treatments were: five plastic films (0.0015 of an inch thick), of different colors (black, silver, brown, co-extruded silver/black and white/black) and a control without film and partially weeded. All the plastic films allowed the growth of weeds through the planting hole, finding the largest number of them with the brown film. There was germination of weeds under the plastic film, although they died shortly under those films which restrained the passage of light (black, silver and the co-extruded while/black and silver/black). The Cyperus rotundus was the exception because it pricked through the plastic and survived; and eventhough the brown film was less pierced by C. rotundus, it survived for approximately 60 days. The plastic films increased the number and yield of tomato and cucumber fruits, but they responded differently to the film colors. The highest tomato and cucumber yields were produced with the co-extruded silver/black and brown films, respectively.
An experiment was conducted, from February to October of 1996, at the Fabio Baudrit Experiment Station in Alajuela - Costa Rica, to evaluate the effect of the color of the plastic film on the weeds and on the yield of tomato as the first crop and on the cucumber as a second crop. The evaluated treatments were: five plastic films (0.0015 of an inch thick), of different colors (black, silver, brown, co-extruded silver/black and white/black) and a control without film and partially weeded. All the plastic films allowed the growth of weeds through the planting hole, finding the largest number of them with the brown film. There was germination of weeds under the plastic film, although they died shortly under those films which restrained the passage of light (black, silver and the co-extruded while/black and silver/black). The Cyperus rotundus was the exception because it pricked through the plastic and survived; and eventhough the brown film was less pierced by C. rotundus, it survived for approximately 60 days. The plastic films increased the number and yield of tomato and cucumber fruits, but they responded differently to the film colors. The highest tomato and cucumber yields were produced with the co-extruded silver/black and brown films, respectively.
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Keywords
Lycopersicon esculentum, cucumis sativus, malezas, herbicidas, cubrimiento del suelo, control ambiental, cubiertas de plástico, Costa Rica, Lycopersicon esculentum, cucumis sativus, weeds, herbicides, mulching, environmental control, plastic film covers, Costa Rica