El bitcoin y el lavado de dinero en Costa Rica
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Authors
Lara Bolaños, Manrique Antonio
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Abstract
Blockchains, criptomonedas, bitcoin entre otras muchas, son nuevas formas modernas
de avances tecnológicos que han venido para quedarse, lo cual genera importantes retos
regulatorios, operativos y de tratamiento legislativo, y del derecho penal. Cuando un
ordenador, mediante inteligencia artificial, es capaz de generar o crear algo que tenga
valor, y que pueda en su caso, tener como una de sus múltiples aplicaciones, el trasladar
valor a algo que no lo tenía, sin un ente central que lo regule, tenemos lagunas de índole
jurídico, que podrían ser de múltiples usos, pero que, en general implican nuevos
inconvenientes y nuevos retos, que el derecho penal económico, como el derecho
sancionador, debe tomar en cuenta, con el objeto que, estas novedosas tecnologías
creadas a partir de programas informáticos, no se constituyen en herramientas que
fomenten el lavado de activos, las actividades criminales, y la financiación de terrorismo,
en razón del anonimato al cual están asociados estos activos digitales. El blockchain y el
bitcoin, como el más importante llegaron para quedarse y por ello es menester analizarlo
desde el punto de vista del derecho penal económico.
Blockchains, cryptocurrencies, bitcoin among many others, are new modern forms of technological advances that have come to stay, which generates important regulatory, operational, and legislative treatment challenges, and criminal law. When a computer, through artificial intelligence, is capable of generating or creating something that has value, and that can, in its case, have as one of its multiple applications, transferring value to something that did not have it, without a central entity that regulate, we have gaps of a legal nature, which could be of multiple uses, but which, in general, imply new inconveniences and new challenges, which economic criminal law, like sanctioning law, must take into account, in order that these novel Technologies created from computer programs do not constitute tools that promote money laundering, criminal activities, and terrorist financing, due to the anonymity to which these digital assets are associated. The blockchain and bitcoin, as the most important, are here to stay and therefore it is necessary to analyze it from the point of view of economic criminal law.
Blockchains, cryptocurrencies, bitcoin among many others, are new modern forms of technological advances that have come to stay, which generates important regulatory, operational, and legislative treatment challenges, and criminal law. When a computer, through artificial intelligence, is capable of generating or creating something that has value, and that can, in its case, have as one of its multiple applications, transferring value to something that did not have it, without a central entity that regulate, we have gaps of a legal nature, which could be of multiple uses, but which, in general, imply new inconveniences and new challenges, which economic criminal law, like sanctioning law, must take into account, in order that these novel Technologies created from computer programs do not constitute tools that promote money laundering, criminal activities, and terrorist financing, due to the anonymity to which these digital assets are associated. The blockchain and bitcoin, as the most important, are here to stay and therefore it is necessary to analyze it from the point of view of economic criminal law.
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Keywords
Criptomonedas, Blockchain, Bitcoin, Blanqueo, GAFI, Cryptocurrencies, Money laundering, FATF