Evaluación de la sostenibilidad de las actividades turísticas para el desarrollo de estrategias en la comunidad de San Jerónimo, Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica
Fecha
2023
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Calderón Arias, José Francisco
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Resumen
El turismo sostenible se ha posicionado como un modelo de suma importancia, con el cual se busca maximizar los beneficios que genera el sector y minimizar los efectos negativos del mismo. De esta forma, para realizar un análisis del grado de sostenibilidad turística llevado a cabo en una cierta zona es apropiado integrar elementos socioculturales, ambientales, económicos e institucionales. Por lo dicho, en esta investigación se hace un análisis del grado de sostenibilidad de las actividades turísticas desarrolladas en la comunidad de San Jerónimo, Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica, por medio del empleo de indicadores de sostenibilidad turística, los cuales parten del sustento de algunas investigaciones, así como como el ajuste de los indicadores a la realidad de la comunidad, incluso la propuesta de algunos que responden a características de la zona, esto gracias al conocimiento que tiene el investigador de la gestión del turismo en la comunidad de estudio, además, se complementó con una validación por expertos (uno por dimensión). De igual forma, se emplea el Índice de Sostenibilidad Turística Aproximado (ISTA) para la síntesis de los resultados de los indicadores. La información para el análisis se recolectó por medio de entrevistas a cinco grupos objetivos; propietarios de los emprendimientos, colaboradores, habitantes, turistas y la oficina de turismo. Así, se analizan 31 indicadores, categorizados en las cuatro dimensiones mencionadas, en las cuales, la que presenta el mejor resultado es la ambiental (0, 85), seguido de la económica (0, 82), luego la sociocultural (0, 78), por último, la institucional (0, 46). En consecuencia, como resultado final, el grado de sostenibilidad de las actividades turísticas es sostenible (0, 74), sin embargo, fue apropiado proponer estrategias para potenciar el grado de sostenibilidad. Las cuales parten de aquellos indicadores con los resultados más deficientes, tales como el de apoyo a expresiones de identidad cultural, nivel de instrucción, elaboración de registros acerca de ingresos y egresos, participación en la planificación institucional del sector, apoyo en procesos de formalización, entre otros. Las propuestas se agrupan en tres ejes estratégicos; desarrollo del talento humano, gestión organizativa y administrativa y la capacidad de gestión local. En fin, la investigación permitió generar información de la sostenibilidad turística de la comunidad, la cual puede apoyar en la toma de decisiones que impacten el turismo de la zona.
Sustainable tourism has been positioned as a very important model, which seeks to maximize the benefits generated by the sector and minimize its negative effects. Thus, in order to analyze the degree of sustainability of tourism carried out in a certain area, it is appropriate to integrate socio-cultural, environmental, economic and institutional elements. For the above, this research is an analysis of the degree of sustainability of the tourism activities developed in the community of San Jerónimo, Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica, by means of the use of tourism sustainability indicators, which are based on the support of some researches, as well as the adjustment of the indicators to the reality of the community, including the proposal of some that respond to the characteristics of the area, this is due to the researcher's knowledge of tourism management in the study community, besides, it was also complemented with an expert validation (one per dimension). Likewise, the Approximate Tourism Sustainability Index (ISTA) is used to summarize the results of the indicators. The information for the analysis was collected through interviews with five target groups; owners of the enterprises, collaborators, inhabitants, tourists and the tourist information office. Thus, 31 indicators are analyzed, categorized in the four dimensions mentioned above, the one with the best result is the environmental (0, 85), followed by economic (0, 82), then sociocultural (0, 78), finally, the institutional (0, 46). Consequently, as a final result, the degree of sustainability tourism activities is sustainable (0, 74), however, it was appropriate to propose strategies for enhancing the degree of sustainability. These are based on those indicators with the poorest results, such as support for expressions of cultural identity, level of education, preparation of income and expense records, participation in the institutional planning of the sector, support in formalization processes, among others. The proposals are grouped into three strategic lines of action; development of human talent, organizational and administrative management and local management capabilities. Finally, the research allowed to generate information on the tourism sustainability of the community, which can help in making decisions that impact tourism in the area.
Sustainable tourism has been positioned as a very important model, which seeks to maximize the benefits generated by the sector and minimize its negative effects. Thus, in order to analyze the degree of sustainability of tourism carried out in a certain area, it is appropriate to integrate socio-cultural, environmental, economic and institutional elements. For the above, this research is an analysis of the degree of sustainability of the tourism activities developed in the community of San Jerónimo, Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica, by means of the use of tourism sustainability indicators, which are based on the support of some researches, as well as the adjustment of the indicators to the reality of the community, including the proposal of some that respond to the characteristics of the area, this is due to the researcher's knowledge of tourism management in the study community, besides, it was also complemented with an expert validation (one per dimension). Likewise, the Approximate Tourism Sustainability Index (ISTA) is used to summarize the results of the indicators. The information for the analysis was collected through interviews with five target groups; owners of the enterprises, collaborators, inhabitants, tourists and the tourist information office. Thus, 31 indicators are analyzed, categorized in the four dimensions mentioned above, the one with the best result is the environmental (0, 85), followed by economic (0, 82), then sociocultural (0, 78), finally, the institutional (0, 46). Consequently, as a final result, the degree of sustainability tourism activities is sustainable (0, 74), however, it was appropriate to propose strategies for enhancing the degree of sustainability. These are based on those indicators with the poorest results, such as support for expressions of cultural identity, level of education, preparation of income and expense records, participation in the institutional planning of the sector, support in formalization processes, among others. The proposals are grouped into three strategic lines of action; development of human talent, organizational and administrative management and local management capabilities. Finally, the research allowed to generate information on the tourism sustainability of the community, which can help in making decisions that impact tourism in the area.
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Palabras clave
DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, TURISMO, EVALUACIÓN, ESTRATEGIA DE DESARROLLO, ACTIVIDAD, COSTA RICA, INDICADORES DE DESARROLLO