Instrumentos de participación y consulta ciudadana en materia ambiental dentro de la legislación costarricense
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Quesada Sandí, Marco Vinicio
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Abstract
La participación ciudadana en materia ambiental - en su más amplia concepción - es un derecho fundamental, siendo un pilar esencial de la vida en sociedad para el aseguramiento del medio ambiente para las presentes y futuras generaciones.
El camino seguido es vasto tomando como un punto importante la Declaración de Río del año 1992, lo cual produce un efecto positivo para influenciar normativa internacional como nacional.
Nuestro país posee amplia normativa en diversos temas ambientales apoyados en el artículo 50 de la Constitución Política, sin embargo y de manera preliminar los procesos de participación ciudadana en materia ambiental requieren de una especial atención en razón de su alto nivel de complejidad.
El presente trabajo de investigación inicia con la recopilación de instrumentos internacionales de soft law aplicables en Costa Rica, así como experiencias internacionales, siendo un importante insumo para el desarrollo de la investigación. Posteriormente se hará un repaso de la legislación nacional aplicable en materia de participación ciudadana, así como jurisprudencia de la Sala Constitucional, resoluciones del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones y pronunciamientos de la Procuraduría General de la República.
Se continuará con el análisis de los plebiscitos en materia ambiental celebrados en Costa Rica. Finalmente se propone un proyecto de ley para regular e implementar los procesos de participación ciudadana en materia ambiental.
Citizen participation in environmental matters - in its broadest conception - is a fundamental right, being an essential pillar of life in society for the assurance of the environment for present and future generations. The path followed is vast, taking as an important point of start the Rio Declaration of 1992, which has a positive effect in influencing international and national regulations. Our country has extensive regulations on various environmental issues supported by Article 50 of the Political Constitution, however, and in a preliminary manner, citizen participation processes in environmental matters require special attention because of their high level of complexity. This research begins with the compilation of international soft law instruments applicable in Costa Rica, as well as international experiences, being an important input for the development of research. Subsequently a review of the applicable national legislation on citizen participation, as well as jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, decisions of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal and pronouncements of the Attorney General of the Republic. The analysis of environmental plebiscites held in Costa Rica will continue. Finally, is proposed to regulate and implement citizen participation processes in environmental matters.
Citizen participation in environmental matters - in its broadest conception - is a fundamental right, being an essential pillar of life in society for the assurance of the environment for present and future generations. The path followed is vast, taking as an important point of start the Rio Declaration of 1992, which has a positive effect in influencing international and national regulations. Our country has extensive regulations on various environmental issues supported by Article 50 of the Political Constitution, however, and in a preliminary manner, citizen participation processes in environmental matters require special attention because of their high level of complexity. This research begins with the compilation of international soft law instruments applicable in Costa Rica, as well as international experiences, being an important input for the development of research. Subsequently a review of the applicable national legislation on citizen participation, as well as jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, decisions of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal and pronouncements of the Attorney General of the Republic. The analysis of environmental plebiscites held in Costa Rica will continue. Finally, is proposed to regulate and implement citizen participation processes in environmental matters.
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Derecho ambiental, Derecho de participación en materia ambiental, Derecho de acceso a la información ambiental, Referéndum, Democracia ambiental