Discursos de docentes costarricenses de secundaria sobre la dis/capacidad
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Fernández Fernández, Daniel
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Abstract
En este artículo se presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación desarrollada en el Instituto de investigación en Educación de la Universidad de Costa Rica que tiene como uno de sus intereses generales responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las concepciones que devela el discurso de docentes costarricense de secundaria en torno al tema de la discapacidad? Para responder a esta pregunta, a nivel metodológico, se elaboró un acercamiento de carácter cualitativo en el que se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes de secundaria pertenecientes al ámbito de educación pública costarricense. A partir de dicho material, se desarrolló un análisis discursivo que se basó en un procedimiento de identificación de proposiciones textuales y una elaboración de implicaciones discursivas. Los resultados muestran que la oposición normalidad – anormalidad resulta un elemento clave para comprender las construcciones discursivas del profesorado. De esta forma, se identificaron núcleos discursivos como la idea de la discapacidad como una carga y como una deficiencia, así como otro conjunto de intervenciones que fueron clasificadas como discursos críticos en torno a la diversidad funcional. Una de las principales conclusiones del artículo es que, a pesar de los importantes cambios en materia de legislación y políticas públicas en materia de discapacidad que atañen al ámbito educativo, persisten una serie de concepciones que develan visiones prejuiciadas sobre lo que se entiende por discapacidad. Una posible aplicación del presente artículo es justamente identificar las concepciones estigmatizantes que se vuelven recurrentes, y tomarlas como un punto de partida para establecer un diálogo reflexivo con el profesorado.
This article presents part of the results of a research developed at the Research Institute in Education of the University of Costa Rica that has one of its general interests to answer the question: What are the concepts that the discourse of Costa Rican secondary school teachers reveals about the issue of disability? To answer this question, a qualitative approach was developed at the methodological level, for which semi-structured interviews were conducted with secondary school teachers belonging to the Costa Rican public education sector. From this material, a discursive analysis was developed based on a procedure of identification of textual propositions and the elaboration of discursive implications. The results show that the opposition normality - abnormality is a key element to understand the teachers' discursive constructions. In this way, discursive cores are identified as the idea of disability as a burden and as an impairment, as well as another set of interventions that were classified as critical discourses around functional diversity. One of the main conclusions of the article is that, despite the important changes in legislation and public policies regarding disability that affect the educational field, there are still a number of conceptions that reveal prejudiced views about what is understood by disability. One possible application of this article is precisely to identify the stigmatizing conceptions that become recurrent and take them as a starting point to establish a reflexive dialogue with teachers.
This article presents part of the results of a research developed at the Research Institute in Education of the University of Costa Rica that has one of its general interests to answer the question: What are the concepts that the discourse of Costa Rican secondary school teachers reveals about the issue of disability? To answer this question, a qualitative approach was developed at the methodological level, for which semi-structured interviews were conducted with secondary school teachers belonging to the Costa Rican public education sector. From this material, a discursive analysis was developed based on a procedure of identification of textual propositions and the elaboration of discursive implications. The results show that the opposition normality - abnormality is a key element to understand the teachers' discursive constructions. In this way, discursive cores are identified as the idea of disability as a burden and as an impairment, as well as another set of interventions that were classified as critical discourses around functional diversity. One of the main conclusions of the article is that, despite the important changes in legislation and public policies regarding disability that affect the educational field, there are still a number of conceptions that reveal prejudiced views about what is understood by disability. One possible application of this article is precisely to identify the stigmatizing conceptions that become recurrent and take them as a starting point to establish a reflexive dialogue with teachers.
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DOCENTE, ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA, DISCURSO, Discapacidad, TEACHERS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, Discourse, DISABILITIES
Citation
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/aie/article/view/46778