Tacaco (Sechium tacaco; Cucurbitaceae): cuantificación de la variabilidad en el número de espinas y suturas del fruto
Fecha
2024-10-07
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Monge Pérez, José Eladio
Loría Coto, Michelle
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Resumen
Introducción: Los frutos del tacaco, Sechium tacaco, una planta endémica de Costa Rica, se consumen principalmente como vegetal o postre, y pocos estudios han abordado su variabilidad morfológica. Objetivo: Cuantificar la variabilidad en el número de espinas y suturas longitudinales del fruto. Métodos: Entre 2013 y 2019 recolectamos 6-90 frutos por “accesión”, en 22 accesiones de tacaco. Evaluamos las suturas longitudinales y el número de espinas. Resultados: Para 20 accesiones, la moda fue de cinco suturas longitudinales completas. Para las suturas longitudinales incompletas, las modas fueron cero (8 accesiones), una (6 accesiones) y dos (6 accesiones). Para el número total de suturas longitudinales, 10 accesiones presentaron una moda de seis y 10 accesiones una moda de siete. En cuanto a los frutos con espinas, seis accesiones tenían de 15 a 19 espinas por fruto, y cuatro accesiones de 20 a 24 espinas por fruto. Conclusión: La variabilidad fenotípica en espinas y suturas longitudinales sugiere que estas características están controladas por múltiples genes, indicando una herencia poligénica; esta variabilidad podría ser clave para la mejora genética y la conservación de la diversidad de esta especie.
Introduction: The fruits of tacaco, Sechium tacaco, a plant endemic to Costa Rica, are primarily consumed as a vegetable or dessert, and few studies have addressed the morphological variability of these fruits. Objective: To quantify the variability in the number of spines and longitudinal sutures of the fruit. Methods: We collected 6-90 fruits from each of 22 tacaco accessions, between 2013 and 2019. We evaluated longitudinal sutures and number of spines. Results: For 20 accessions, the mode was five complete longitudinal sutures. For incomplete longitudinal sutures, the modes were zero (8 accessions), one (6 accessions) and two (6 accessions). For total number of longitudinal sutures, 10 accessions had a mode of six and 10 accessions a mode of seven. For fruits with spines, six accessions had 15-19 spines per fruit, and four accessions 20-24 spines per fruit. Conclusion: The phenotypic variability in spines and longitudinal sutures, suggests that these characteristics are controlled by multiple genes, indicating a polygenic inheritance; this variability could be key for genetic improvement and conservation of the diversity of this species.
Introduction: The fruits of tacaco, Sechium tacaco, a plant endemic to Costa Rica, are primarily consumed as a vegetable or dessert, and few studies have addressed the morphological variability of these fruits. Objective: To quantify the variability in the number of spines and longitudinal sutures of the fruit. Methods: We collected 6-90 fruits from each of 22 tacaco accessions, between 2013 and 2019. We evaluated longitudinal sutures and number of spines. Results: For 20 accessions, the mode was five complete longitudinal sutures. For incomplete longitudinal sutures, the modes were zero (8 accessions), one (6 accessions) and two (6 accessions). For total number of longitudinal sutures, 10 accessions had a mode of six and 10 accessions a mode of seven. For fruits with spines, six accessions had 15-19 spines per fruit, and four accessions 20-24 spines per fruit. Conclusion: The phenotypic variability in spines and longitudinal sutures, suggests that these characteristics are controlled by multiple genes, indicating a polygenic inheritance; this variability could be key for genetic improvement and conservation of the diversity of this species.
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Palabras clave
Cucurbitaceae, Costa Rica, Centroamérica, diversidad, hortaliza, tacaco, Sechium tacaco, Central America, diversity, vegetable, planta endémica, variabilidad morfológica