Uso de herbicidas naturales como potenciales desecantes en frijol
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Portuguez García, Mary Pamela
Agüero Alvarado, Renán
González Lutz, María Isabel
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Abstract
Introducción. Diversas sustancias naturales con potencial herbicida podrían ser promisorias para desecar frijol
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto desecante sobre plantas de frijol, de sustancias de origen natural y
el ácido acético glacial sobre plantas de frijol. Materiales y métodos. Se establecieron al azar parcelas experimentales
de 5 metros lineales con los siguientes tratamientos, extracto de pino al 15 % (3,75 kg ia ha-1) y extracto de ajo al 60
% (6 kg ia ha-1), una sustancia natural a base de D-limoneno puro (500 ml l-1) + un tensoactivo a base de etoxilatos de
éster de soja al 4,76 % (% v/v) y acético glacial al 99,3 % (49,65 kg ia ha-1). Un testigo sin aspersión de herbicida fue
incluido como control. Se anotó el grado de daño visual encontrado en el follaje del frijol a los dos y 15 días después de
la aspersión (dda); además, al final de experimento se registró el peso seco del grano, por tratamiento. Resultados. A
los dos días después de aplicado, tanto el ácido acético como el extracto de ajo formulado produjeron el mayor grado de
daño en el frijol. A los 15 dda se obtuvo el mismo grado de daño con el uso todas las sustancias, excepto con el d-limoneno,
la cual causó un daño moderado. El peso del grano fue mayor cuando se utilizó d-limoneno. Conclusión. Todos
los herbicidas naturales causaron un grado de daño de moderado a severo en el follaje del frijol, sin embargo, causar
un daño moderado mediante el d-limoneno fue suficiente para la obtención de un mayor peso de los granos de frijol.
Introduction. Various natural substances with herbicidal potential could be promising for drying beans. Objective. The objective of this work was to evaluate the drying effect on bean plants, of substances of natural origin and glacial acetic acid. Materials and methods. On that area, at the physiological maturity stage of the crop, experimental plots 5 m in length were randomly established to test the next treatments: extract of Pinus spp. 15 % (3.75 kg ai ha-1) and garlic extract 60 % (6 kg ai ha-1), pure D-limonene (500 ml l-1) + Sulfonic VBS-D10 4.76 % (% v / v), and glacial acetic 99,3 % (49,65 kg ia ha-1); a control without herbicide spraying was included. The degree of visual damage found in the bean foliage was recorded at 2 and 15 days after spraying (das); Furthermore, at the end of the experiment the dry weight of the grain was recorded. Results. Two days after spraying, acetic acid and garlic extract showed the the highest dessicant effect on the crop. At 15 das, the same degree of damage was obtained with the use of all substances, except d-limonene, which caused moderate damage. The grain weight was higher when d-limonene was used. Conclusion. All natural herbicides caused a moderate to severe degree of damage to the bean foliage, however, causing moderate damage to the through d-limonene was sufficient to obtain a greater weight of the bean grains.
Introduction. Various natural substances with herbicidal potential could be promising for drying beans. Objective. The objective of this work was to evaluate the drying effect on bean plants, of substances of natural origin and glacial acetic acid. Materials and methods. On that area, at the physiological maturity stage of the crop, experimental plots 5 m in length were randomly established to test the next treatments: extract of Pinus spp. 15 % (3.75 kg ai ha-1) and garlic extract 60 % (6 kg ai ha-1), pure D-limonene (500 ml l-1) + Sulfonic VBS-D10 4.76 % (% v / v), and glacial acetic 99,3 % (49,65 kg ia ha-1); a control without herbicide spraying was included. The degree of visual damage found in the bean foliage was recorded at 2 and 15 days after spraying (das); Furthermore, at the end of the experiment the dry weight of the grain was recorded. Results. Two days after spraying, acetic acid and garlic extract showed the the highest dessicant effect on the crop. At 15 das, the same degree of damage was obtained with the use of all substances, except d-limonene, which caused moderate damage. The grain weight was higher when d-limonene was used. Conclusion. All natural herbicides caused a moderate to severe degree of damage to the bean foliage, however, causing moderate damage to the through d-limonene was sufficient to obtain a greater weight of the bean grains.
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Keywords
vinagre, extracto de ajo, D-limoneno, extracto pino, AGROINDUSTRIA
Citation
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/pensamiento-actual/article/view/57630