Aprendizaje basado en problemas como recurso pedagógico en el cambio de la conducta sedentaria en jóvenes universitarios
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Zamora Salas, Juan Diego
Maroto Marín, Orlando
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Abstract
El sedentarismo es considerado un problema de salud pública
por sus implicaciones para la salud física y emocional afectando a entre un 85
y un 90% de los jóvenes universitarios.
Objetivo: Conocer el efecto de la implementación de la metodología del
Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) como recurso pedagógico en el
cambio de la conducta sedentaria en jóvenes universitarios del curso Actividad
Deportiva de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Material y Métodos: Participaron 96 universitarios (48 hombres y 48 mujeres),
promedio de edad de 18±2,3 años. Se utilizó como recurso pedagógico
la metodología del ABP para propiciar el cambio de la conducta sedentaria.
El cambio de la conducta sedentaria se evaluó por medio del aumento de
la actividad física (AF) realizada durante la semana. Se realizó el Pre-test,
para conocer la cantidad de días a la semana que los universitarios dedicaban
a la práctica de AF. Se implementó el método ABP durante 12 semanas,
posteriormente se realizó el Post-test, para conocer la cantidad de AF que
realizaron durante la semana posterior a la implementación del recurso pedagógico.
Se aplicó un ANOVA de dos vías con el fin de identificar diferencia
significativa entre mediciones.
Resultados: Se identificaron cambios significativos en la cantidad de AF
entre la medición Pre-test y Post-test; sin embargo, no se identificó diferencia
significativa en las mediciones obtenidas entre hombres y mujeres.
Conclusión: La implementación de la estrategia de enseñanza ABP permitió
un cambio en la conducta sedentaria en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios,
propiciando un aumento significativo en la práctica de AF realizada
durante la semana. Se identificó que la estrategia del ABP tuvo el mismo
efecto positivo en los hombres como en las mujeres.
Sedentary behavior is considered to be a public health problem due to its effect on people’s physical and emotional health. It affects between 85% and 90% of college youth. Objective: To implement the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology as a pedagogic resource to change the sedentary behavior among college youth. Methods and Material: A total of 96 college youth participated (48 males and 48 females), average age 18 ± 2.3 years. The pedagogic PBL methodology was the resource used to promote a change in sedentary behavior. This was screened through the increase of physical activity (PA) performed during the week. Students had a pre-evaluation that determined the amount of days in the week that they were doing PA. The PBL method was implemented for 12 weeks; afterwards, a post-evaluation determined the amount of PA that they had performed during the week following the implementation of the pedagogic resource. A two-lined ANOVA was applied so that the significant difference between measurements could be identified. Results: There were significant changes in the amount of PA between the pre-test and the post-test measurements; however, no significant differences between measurements obtained among men and women were identified. Conclusion: The implementation of the PBL strategy allowed a change in the sedentary behavior among a group of college youth. It promoted a significant increase in the performance of PA done during a week. The PBL strategy had the same positive effect in both men and women.
Sedentary behavior is considered to be a public health problem due to its effect on people’s physical and emotional health. It affects between 85% and 90% of college youth. Objective: To implement the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology as a pedagogic resource to change the sedentary behavior among college youth. Methods and Material: A total of 96 college youth participated (48 males and 48 females), average age 18 ± 2.3 years. The pedagogic PBL methodology was the resource used to promote a change in sedentary behavior. This was screened through the increase of physical activity (PA) performed during the week. Students had a pre-evaluation that determined the amount of days in the week that they were doing PA. The PBL method was implemented for 12 weeks; afterwards, a post-evaluation determined the amount of PA that they had performed during the week following the implementation of the pedagogic resource. A two-lined ANOVA was applied so that the significant difference between measurements could be identified. Results: There were significant changes in the amount of PA between the pre-test and the post-test measurements; however, no significant differences between measurements obtained among men and women were identified. Conclusion: The implementation of the PBL strategy allowed a change in the sedentary behavior among a group of college youth. It promoted a significant increase in the performance of PA done during a week. The PBL strategy had the same positive effect in both men and women.
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Keywords
Actividad física, Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, Ejercicio, Jóvenes universitarios, Sedentarismo, Physical activity, Problem Based Learning, Exercise, College youth, Sedentary behavior, 613.043 Promoción de la salud de grupos específicos por edad
Citation
https://revistasaludpublica.uchile.cl/index.php/RCSP/article/view/44937