Comparación de los métodos de contenido de asfalto de mezcla asfáltica en caliente
Fecha
2017
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Loayza León, Octavio
Rodríguez Castro, Ellen Andrea
Salazar Delgado, Jorge
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Resumen
La composición de la mezcla asfáltica que se utiliza para la construcción de pavimentos asfálticos se define de acuerdo con un diseño elaborado para que cumpla con el desempeño de acuerdo con el proyecto de construcción, mantenimiento o rehabilitación en el que va a ser utilizada. Como el asfalto es el material aglutinante que provee la cohesión y adhesión a la mezcla, es importante poder cuantificar sí la mezcla producida cumple con el contenido de asfalto establecido en el diseño de mezcla. Para determinar el contenido de asfalto hay varios métodos disponibles. No obstante, existen dudas sobre la exactitud de algunos métodos y especialmente, sobre la correlación entre los métodos que permitan el uso confiable de los mismos. En este estudio se comparan los métodos de contenido de asfalto de una muestra de mezcla asfáltica fabricada en planta. Los resultados demuestran que los métodos de incineración por horno de resistencias, incineración en horno mediante infrarrojo y el método de extracción con solventes usando centrífuga no presentan diferencias estadísticas significativas, lo cual no sucede con el método de extracción con solventes mediante sistema de reflujo, el cual a pesar de ser el más preciso también es el que se aleja más de los resultados obtenidos con los otros métodos. No obstante es importante mencionar que los cuatro métodos estudiados se encuentran dentro de la tolerancia permitida por la normativa nacional con respecto al contenido de asfalto establecido en el diseño de mezcla. Adicionalmente se analizó la extracción con reflujo utilizando tricloroetileno grado ACS y gasolina como solventes, pues en algunos laboratorios se prefiere éste último al ser más fácil de conseguir, de menor costo y menos riesgoso para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. No es posible afirmar que los resultados obtenidos sean estadísticamente iguales al usar tricloroetileno ACS y gasolina, es importante señalar que los resultados al utilizar tricloroetileno están dentro de la tolerancia, pero esto no sucede al usar gasolina como solvente.
The composition of the hot asphalt mixture used for pavements is defined according to a design that try to meet the performance according the project in which it is to be used. Since asphalt is the binding material that provides cohesion and adhesion to the mixture, it is important to be able to quantify if the mixture produced contains the amount of asphalt established in the mix design, for that different tests have been developed to determine the content of asphalt. Although the purpose of the test methods is the same, there are doubts about the accuracy of some of them, and especially about the correlation between test procedures. This study aims to provide real results of an asphalt mix produced in a production plant, which is analyzed using the different methods and equipment to compare them with the production data and thus determine the precision and accuracy of each procedure. The results show that the methods of incineration by resistance furnace, incineration in the infrared furnace and the solvent extraction method using centrifuge do not present significant statistical differences, which is not the case with the solvent extraction method using a reflux system. The latter, despite being the one with the lowest variability, is also the most distant from the design asphalt content. However, the four methods studied are within the tolerance allowed by national regulations with respect to the asphalt content established in the blend design. In addition, as some laboratories use the gasoline extraction method as solvent instead of ACS grade trichlorethylene, the extraction test is performed using both solvents to determine whether the result with the alternative solvent is reliable. The results obtained discard it as solvent, as it does not produce statistically comparable results with the method when using trichlorethylene.
The composition of the hot asphalt mixture used for pavements is defined according to a design that try to meet the performance according the project in which it is to be used. Since asphalt is the binding material that provides cohesion and adhesion to the mixture, it is important to be able to quantify if the mixture produced contains the amount of asphalt established in the mix design, for that different tests have been developed to determine the content of asphalt. Although the purpose of the test methods is the same, there are doubts about the accuracy of some of them, and especially about the correlation between test procedures. This study aims to provide real results of an asphalt mix produced in a production plant, which is analyzed using the different methods and equipment to compare them with the production data and thus determine the precision and accuracy of each procedure. The results show that the methods of incineration by resistance furnace, incineration in the infrared furnace and the solvent extraction method using centrifuge do not present significant statistical differences, which is not the case with the solvent extraction method using a reflux system. The latter, despite being the one with the lowest variability, is also the most distant from the design asphalt content. However, the four methods studied are within the tolerance allowed by national regulations with respect to the asphalt content established in the blend design. In addition, as some laboratories use the gasoline extraction method as solvent instead of ACS grade trichlorethylene, the extraction test is performed using both solvents to determine whether the result with the alternative solvent is reliable. The results obtained discard it as solvent, as it does not produce statistically comparable results with the method when using trichlorethylene.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Contenido de asfalto, Métodos de contenido de asfalto, Extracción con reflujo, Extracción con centrífuga, Incineración en horno infrarrojo, Incineración en horno resistencias, PRODUCTO PETROLÍFERO, Asphalt content, Asphalt content methods, Reflux solvent extraction, Centrifugal solvent extraction, Incineration on resistance furnace, Incineration through infrared oven, MATERIALES PARA CARRETERAS, mezcla asfáltica en caliente