Efecto de la sombra en la disipación de triazol - estrobilurina en hojas de café de la variedad “Villa Sarchí”
Fecha
2025
Autores
Cordero Vega, María José
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La disipación de los plaguicidas y, por ende, el periodo de eficacia en el control de la enfermedad meta, puede verse afectado por las condiciones ambientales. Se evaluó el efecto del sombrío en los sistemas de sombrío de 0 % y 50 % sobre la disipación de las moléculas epoxiconazol - piraclostrobina y la incidencia de la roya en hojas de café del cultivar “Villa Sarchí” durante una época de mayor intensidad de lluvia de octubre a diciembre del 2022 y una época seca de enero a marzo del 2023 durante 45 días en la localidad de San Pedro de Barva, Heredia. El depósito inicial del epoxiconazol y la piraclostrobina fue mayor en el sistema de 50 % de sombrío y en la época seca. La tasa de disipación fue mayor en el sistema de 0 % para ambas moléculas. La roya se desarrolló únicamente en el tratamiento de 0 % de sombrío en los segmentos de hojas inoculados con ureodosporas de roya bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio. La incidencia de roya en la época de octubre a diciembre se presentó a los 45 días únicamente con una concentración de 0,6 mg/kg de epoxiconazol y 0,53 mg/kg de piraclostrobina. En la época seca, la incidencia de roya se presentó desde los 14 días después de la aplicación, siendo mayor a los 45 días después de la aplicación con una concentración de 0,71 mg/kg de epoxiconazol y 0,28 mg/kg de piraclostrobina. Los segmentos con lesiones cloróticas desarrolladas en campo y llevados al laboratorio para determinar la incidencia de roya, se presentó en ambos sistemas de sombrío, e indistintamente de la concentración de ambas moléculas. Existe un control sobre el desarrollo micelial hasta los 14 días después de la aplicación del fungicida, no relacionada con una mayor concentración de epoxiconazol. La incidencia de roya en campo al finalizar el periodo de prueba fue mayor en el sistema de 0 % de sombrío y en época lluviosa, ya que en época seca las horas de mojadura foliar y le temperatura no son favorables para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. La vida media fue mayor en epoxiconazol en la época lluviosa y en el tratamiento de 50 % de sombrío.
The dissipation of pesticides and, therefore, the effectiveness period in controlling the target disease, can be affected by environmental conditions. The effect of shading at 0% and 50% shading levels on the dissipation of the molecules epoxiconazole-pyraclostrobin and the incidence of Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) of the “Villa Sarchí” cultivar was evaluated during a period of higher rainfall intensity from October to December 2022 and dry season from January to March 2023 over 45 days in San Pedro de Barva, Heredia. The initial deposit of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin in leaves was higher in the 50 % shading system and during the dry season. The dissipation rate was higher in the 0% shading system for both molecules. CLR was developed only in the 0 % shading treatment on leaf segments inoculated with CLR uredospores under controlled laboratory conditions. The incidence of CLR during October to December period appeared after 45 days, only with a concentration of 0.6 mg/kg of epoxiconazole and 0.53 mg/kg of pyraclostrobin. In dry season, the incidence of CLR appeared as early as 14 days after application, with higher levels at 45 days after application, with concentrations of 0.71 mg/kg of epoxiconazole and 0.28 mg/kg of pyraclostrobin. Leaf segments with chlorotic lesions developed in the field and brought to the laboratory to determine CLR incidence appeared in both shading systems, regardless of the concentration of both molecules. There was control over mycelial development up to 14 days after the fungicide application, which was not related to a higher concentration of epoxiconazole. The field incidence of CLR at the end of the trial period was higher in the 0 % shading system and during the rainy season, as during the dry period, the leaf wetness hours and temperature were not favorable for disease development. The half-life was longer for epoxiconazole during the rainy period and in the 50 % shading treatment.
The dissipation of pesticides and, therefore, the effectiveness period in controlling the target disease, can be affected by environmental conditions. The effect of shading at 0% and 50% shading levels on the dissipation of the molecules epoxiconazole-pyraclostrobin and the incidence of Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) of the “Villa Sarchí” cultivar was evaluated during a period of higher rainfall intensity from October to December 2022 and dry season from January to March 2023 over 45 days in San Pedro de Barva, Heredia. The initial deposit of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin in leaves was higher in the 50 % shading system and during the dry season. The dissipation rate was higher in the 0% shading system for both molecules. CLR was developed only in the 0 % shading treatment on leaf segments inoculated with CLR uredospores under controlled laboratory conditions. The incidence of CLR during October to December period appeared after 45 days, only with a concentration of 0.6 mg/kg of epoxiconazole and 0.53 mg/kg of pyraclostrobin. In dry season, the incidence of CLR appeared as early as 14 days after application, with higher levels at 45 days after application, with concentrations of 0.71 mg/kg of epoxiconazole and 0.28 mg/kg of pyraclostrobin. Leaf segments with chlorotic lesions developed in the field and brought to the laboratory to determine CLR incidence appeared in both shading systems, regardless of the concentration of both molecules. There was control over mycelial development up to 14 days after the fungicide application, which was not related to a higher concentration of epoxiconazole. The field incidence of CLR at the end of the trial period was higher in the 0 % shading system and during the rainy season, as during the dry period, the leaf wetness hours and temperature were not favorable for disease development. The half-life was longer for epoxiconazole during the rainy period and in the 50 % shading treatment.
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Agronomía, Control de plagas, Plaguicida