Análisis de resultados del uso de la hidroxicloroquina en el curso clínico y recuperación de pacientes en el Programa de Supervisión del Estado de Salud de la Población con COVID-19 durante su aislamiento, en el período comprendido entre el 20 de marzo y 31 de mayo del año 2020, en el Centro de Desarrollo Estratégico e Información en Salud y Seguridad Social
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Jiménez Mata, Isel Dahianna
Sandoval Brenes, Alejandra Marcela
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Abstract
Dentro de las alternativas de abordaje farmacol gico no espec ficas para el COVID-19 /
SARS-CoV-2, surgi la HCQ la cual en estudios in vitro mostr una alta efectividad en reducci n de la replicaci n viral.
Para el caso de Costa Rica, se present inicialmente una situaci n de la evoluci n de severidad en menor grado respecto a los reportes internacionales. Adem s, se cont con un estudio observacional retrospectivo, el cual no estableci una efectividad clara con el uso de este f rmaco, pero determin una diferencia estad sticamente significativa en el tiempo de resoluci n de los s ntomas, principalmente en quienes iniciaron el tratamiento de forma temprana.
Esta situaci n motiv a la realizaci n de un an lisis con una mayor poblaci n y
ampliaci n en el periodo de estudio, con la finalidad de identificar una posible relaci n entre el inicio temprano del tratamiento, y la disminuci n del per odo de evoluci n de los
s ntomas. Tambi n se consider el tiempo de negativizaci n de la prueba PCR por
COVID-19.
Se utiliz una poblaci n de 598 pacientes, con una edad media de 38.35 13.51 a os, con un rango entre los 17 y 86 a os, de los cuales 463 completaron el tratamiento (77.42
%) y 135 no lo completaron, los cuales constituyeron el grupo control. El estudio mostr una correlaci n baja entre el tiempo de negativizaci n y la latencia de inicio de HCQ, seg n inicio de s ntomas (Spearman, r= 0.16), por lo que no existi
diferencia entre el inicio de la toma de HCQ y el tiempo de negativizaci n de la segunda prueba de PCR por COVID-19 que brindaba el alta de los casos, ni en el tiempo de duraci n de los s ntomas.
Al estimar un odds ratio (OR) para el desenlace hospitalizaci n en 3,96 (IC95 % 0,97 –
34,78); p= 0,06, la cual, aunque sugiere un riesgo incrementado de hospitalizaci n al usar hidroxicloroquina, no es estad sticamente significativa, dado un tama o poblacional peque o. Lo anterior demostr que no se encontr una diferencia en cuanto al riesgo de ser hospitalizado en los que recibieron hidroxicloroquina y los que no la recibieron.
Among the non-specific pharmacological approach alternatives for COVID-19 / SARSCoV- 2, the HCQ emerged, which in vitro studies showed high effectiveness in reducing viral replication. In the case of Costa Rica, the evolution of severity was initially presented to a lesser degree with respect to international reports, and there was a retrospective observational study, which did not establish a clear effectiveness with the use of this drug but determined a statistically significant difference in the time to resolution of symptoms, mainly in those who started treatment early. This situation led to an analysis with a larger population and expansion in the study period, to identify a possible relationship between the early initiation of treatment, and the decrease in the period of evolution of symptoms, as well as the time to test negative in the PCR test for COVID-19. A population of 598 patients was used, with a mean age of 38.35 13.51 years, with a range between 17 and 86 years, of which 463 completed the treatment (77.42%) and 135 did not complete it, constituting the control group. The study showed a low correlation between the time to test negative and the latency of initiation of HCQ according to the onset of symptoms (Spearman, r = 0.16), so there was no difference between the initiation of taking HCQ and the time to test negative in the second PCR test for COVID-19 that discharged the cases, nor in the duration of the symptoms. When estimating an odds ratio (OR) for the hospitalization outcome at 3.96 (95% CI 0.97 - 34.78); p = 0.06, which, although it suggests an increased risk of hospitalization when using hydroxychloroquine, is not statistically significant, given a small population size, which showed that no difference was found in terms of the risk of being hospitalized in those who receive hydroxychloroquine and those who did not.
Among the non-specific pharmacological approach alternatives for COVID-19 / SARSCoV- 2, the HCQ emerged, which in vitro studies showed high effectiveness in reducing viral replication. In the case of Costa Rica, the evolution of severity was initially presented to a lesser degree with respect to international reports, and there was a retrospective observational study, which did not establish a clear effectiveness with the use of this drug but determined a statistically significant difference in the time to resolution of symptoms, mainly in those who started treatment early. This situation led to an analysis with a larger population and expansion in the study period, to identify a possible relationship between the early initiation of treatment, and the decrease in the period of evolution of symptoms, as well as the time to test negative in the PCR test for COVID-19. A population of 598 patients was used, with a mean age of 38.35 13.51 years, with a range between 17 and 86 years, of which 463 completed the treatment (77.42%) and 135 did not complete it, constituting the control group. The study showed a low correlation between the time to test negative and the latency of initiation of HCQ according to the onset of symptoms (Spearman, r = 0.16), so there was no difference between the initiation of taking HCQ and the time to test negative in the second PCR test for COVID-19 that discharged the cases, nor in the duration of the symptoms. When estimating an odds ratio (OR) for the hospitalization outcome at 3.96 (95% CI 0.97 - 34.78); p = 0.06, which, although it suggests an increased risk of hospitalization when using hydroxychloroquine, is not statistically significant, given a small population size, which showed that no difference was found in terms of the risk of being hospitalized in those who receive hydroxychloroquine and those who did not.
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Keywords
Hidroxicloroquina, Cloroquina, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, hospitalización