Mejoramiento para tolerancia a bajo fósforo en Costa Rica
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Saborío, Arturo
Beebe, Steve
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Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
Mejoramiento para tolerancia a bajo fósforo en Costa Rica. En dos localidades de Costa Rica, San Isidro de Pérez Zeledón, a 702 m.s.n.m, en un ultisol y en Fraijanes de Alajuela a 1650 m.s.n.m.en suelo de origen volcánico con alta fijación de fósforo, se estableció un programa de mejoramiento genético masal (Bulk) para la obtención de líneas con tolerancia bajo fósforo . Se inició con base en diez poblaciones con diferentes tipos de cruzas e introduciendo padres del altiplano de México y Perú. En la generación F3, se midió rendimiento en condiciones de estrés de fósforo sobre la población cosechada en masal en F2, identificando las poblaciones de rendimiento superior. En la Población F4 se tomó selecciones individuales. En las siguientes generaciones se manejo en ensayos de rendimiento con el diseño de Látice en tres repeticiones y en diferentes dosis de fósforo; siendo el nivel de selección 15 kg. P2O5/ha en las dos localidades. Se observó una adaptación de las líneas a la zona de evaluación, lo cual sugiere una interacción genoti- po-ambiente. Se seleccionaron y codificaron catorce líneas como TLP (líneas tolerantes a bajo fósforo). En respuesta a bajo fósforo sobresalen las lineas TLP 28 yTLP29.
Breeding for tolerance to low soil phosphorus in Costa Rica. A breeding prograsm to obtain lines tolerant to low soil phosphorus (P) was established in two localities in Costa Rica, in San Isidro de Perez Zeledon at 702 masl in an ultisol, and in Fraijanes, Alajuela at 1650 masl in a volcanic andosol with high P fixation. The program initiated with ten segregating populations derived from crosses with varying structure, and incorporating parents from the highlands of Mexico and Peru. In the F3 generation, yield under P stress of bulked populations was measured identifying populations of superior yield potential. in the F4 populations, individual plant selections were taken. In subsequent generations yield trials were planted in lattice design with three repetitions and different levels of phosphorus, using a fertilization level of 15 kg/ha P205 for selection at low P in both localities. Specific adaptation of the lines to the evaluation sites was observed, suggesting G x E interaction. Fourteen lines were selected and coded as TLP lines (tolerant to low phosphoms). The lines TLP 28 and TLP 29 were superior in response to low P.
Breeding for tolerance to low soil phosphorus in Costa Rica. A breeding prograsm to obtain lines tolerant to low soil phosphorus (P) was established in two localities in Costa Rica, in San Isidro de Perez Zeledon at 702 masl in an ultisol, and in Fraijanes, Alajuela at 1650 masl in a volcanic andosol with high P fixation. The program initiated with ten segregating populations derived from crosses with varying structure, and incorporating parents from the highlands of Mexico and Peru. In the F3 generation, yield under P stress of bulked populations was measured identifying populations of superior yield potential. in the F4 populations, individual plant selections were taken. In subsequent generations yield trials were planted in lattice design with three repetitions and different levels of phosphorus, using a fertilization level of 15 kg/ha P205 for selection at low P in both localities. Specific adaptation of the lines to the evaluation sites was observed, suggesting G x E interaction. Fourteen lines were selected and coded as TLP lines (tolerant to low phosphoms). The lines TLP 28 and TLP 29 were superior in response to low P.
Description
Memorias del taller internacional sobre Bajo Fósforo en el cultivo del frijol, 13 al 15 de noviembre de 1995. Compilación y edición de Rodolfo Araya Villalobos.