Diplomacia digital: el rol de las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICS) como mecanismo de fortalecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas de Costa Rica en época de pandemia y post pandemia
Fecha
2023-07-31
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Calvo Obando, Jocelyn
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Editor
Resumen
Esta investigación pretende analizar el estado de la situación en cuanto al rol de las
nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación, como lo son las plataformas
de videoconferencia, como mecanismos de fortalecimiento de las relaciones
diplomáticas de Costa Rica en época de Pandemia y Post Pandemia.
Para lograr este objetivo se identificará el papel de la Diplomacia Digital como un
instrumento de poder inteligente, se contemplarán los elementos que componen la
función diplomática, la teoría del poder y su relación con la identidad nacional y la
política exterior. Se estudiarán las fracturas generadas por el COVID-19 en las
Relaciones Internacionales, considerando el posicionamiento individual colectivo, la
dinámica de inclusión y exclusión y el papel de los ganadores y perdedores durante
la pandemia.
Se analizarán las estrategias para el desarrollo de Diplomacia Digital detallando las
acciones más relevantes de los países con mayor avance desde la perspectiva
internacional. Así mismo se analizará el papel de Costa Rica durante el periodo de
transformación digital 2019-2021, las herramientas para combatir los efectos de la
ciberdelincuencia y las amenazas a la infraestructura gubernamental.
Para examinar el impacto de los cambios derivados del uso de las
nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación en términos de eficiencia y
ahorro de recursos, se consideraron la creación de dos estudios comparativos, el
primero se realizó a partir de los eventos y reuniones publicadas por la Oficina de
Comunicación Institucional, se consideraron aspectos cualitativos, como la
variación de la modalidad presencial o virtual de las reuniones, el cambio en las
temáticas de interés según la coyuntura y la cantidad de reuniones según el tipo de
cooperación. El segundo estudio se ejecutó a partir del análisis comparativo de los
informes de evaluación y ejecución presupuestaria de los años 2019, 2020 y 2021
publicados en la página oficial del Ministerio. Se realizó también un breve análisis
sobre los reportes de compras difundidos en la página oficial del observatorio de
compras públicas para esos tres años, con el fin de analizar un posible ahorro de
recursos y el impacto de las TIC ́s en la gestión de la política exterior.
Finalmente, como propuesta de investigación aplicada se determinó la creación de
un modelo de protocolo de seguridad para el uso de las plataformas digitales de
videoconferencia, que concluye como la nueva realidad de los medios digitales de
comunicación, que desde el año 2020 han demostrado ser una herramienta
importante de la gestión de la política exterior.
This research aims to analyze the state of the situation regarding the role of the new Information and Communication Technologies, such as videoconference platforms, as mechanisms to strengthen Costa Rica's diplomatic relations in times of Pandemic and Post Pandemic. To achieve this objective, the role of Digital Diplomacy as an instrument of intelligent power will be identified, the elements that make up the diplomatic function, the theory of power and its relationship with national identity and foreign policy will be considered. The fractures generated by COVID-19 in International Relations will be studied, considering the collective individual positioning, the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion, and the role of winners and losers during the pandemic. Strategies for the development of Digital Diplomacy will be analyzed, detailing the most relevant actions of the countries with the greatest progress from an international perspective. Likewise, the role of Costa Rica during the 2019-2021 digital transformation period, the tools to combat the effects of cybercrime and threats to government infrastructure will be analyzed. To examine the impact of the changes derived from the use of the new Information and Communication Technologies in terms of efficiency and saving of resources, two comparative studies were considered. The first one was carried out from the events and meetings published by the Office of Institutional Communication, qualitative aspects were considered, such as the variation of the face-to-face or virtual modality of the meetings, the change in the topics of interest according to the situation and the number of meetings according to the type of cooperation. The second study was carried out based on the comparative analysis of the budgeted evaluation and execution reports for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 published on the official website of the Ministry. A brief analysis was also carried out on the purchase reports disseminated on the official website of the public procurement observatory for those three years, in order to analyze a possible saving of resources and the impact of ICTs on foreign policy management. Finally, as an applied research proposal, the creation of a security protocol model for the use of digital videoconference platforms was expanded, which concludes as the new reality of digital communication media, which since 2020 have proven to be a tool important part of foreign policy management.
This research aims to analyze the state of the situation regarding the role of the new Information and Communication Technologies, such as videoconference platforms, as mechanisms to strengthen Costa Rica's diplomatic relations in times of Pandemic and Post Pandemic. To achieve this objective, the role of Digital Diplomacy as an instrument of intelligent power will be identified, the elements that make up the diplomatic function, the theory of power and its relationship with national identity and foreign policy will be considered. The fractures generated by COVID-19 in International Relations will be studied, considering the collective individual positioning, the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion, and the role of winners and losers during the pandemic. Strategies for the development of Digital Diplomacy will be analyzed, detailing the most relevant actions of the countries with the greatest progress from an international perspective. Likewise, the role of Costa Rica during the 2019-2021 digital transformation period, the tools to combat the effects of cybercrime and threats to government infrastructure will be analyzed. To examine the impact of the changes derived from the use of the new Information and Communication Technologies in terms of efficiency and saving of resources, two comparative studies were considered. The first one was carried out from the events and meetings published by the Office of Institutional Communication, qualitative aspects were considered, such as the variation of the face-to-face or virtual modality of the meetings, the change in the topics of interest according to the situation and the number of meetings according to the type of cooperation. The second study was carried out based on the comparative analysis of the budgeted evaluation and execution reports for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 published on the official website of the Ministry. A brief analysis was also carried out on the purchase reports disseminated on the official website of the public procurement observatory for those three years, in order to analyze a possible saving of resources and the impact of ICTs on foreign policy management. Finally, as an applied research proposal, the creation of a security protocol model for the use of digital videoconference platforms was expanded, which concludes as the new reality of digital communication media, which since 2020 have proven to be a tool important part of foreign policy management.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Diplomacia Digital, DIPLOMACIA, TECNOLOGÍA DE LA INFORMACIÓN, TECNOLOGÍA DE LA COMUNICACIÓN