Enfermedad de Huntington infantil: reporte del primer caso en Costa Rica confirmado por análisis molecular
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Vásquez Cerdas, Melissa
Sevilla Acosta, Fabricio José
Gutiérrez Mata, Alfonso
Morales Montero, Fernando
Cuenca Berger, Patricia
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Abstract
La enfermedad de Huntington (HD, por sus siglas
en inglés) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa
progresiva, con una prevalencia en la población
caucásica de 10.6-13.7 casos por 100 000 habitantes.
La prevalencia de la forma juvenil (<20 años de
edad) es de 0.5-1 caso por 100 000 habitantes. Hay
cuatro formas de presentación de la enfermedad, que
dependen de la edad en la que inician los síntomas.
La forma de inicio infantil (< 10 años de edad) es la
menos frecuente (1-3% de los pacientes); además se
asocia con un gran número de repeticiones de tripletes
CAG (citosina-adenina-guanina) en el gen HTT.
La enfermedad de Huntington juvenil es una
variante poco frecuente que se caracteriza por
trastornos motores, psiquiátricos y cognitivos un
tanto distintos a la presentación del adulto, así como
una progresión más severa. Al ser una enfermedad
incurable su diagnóstico es crucial para dar un óptimo
manejo interdisciplinario así como asesoramiento
genético oportuno a los pacientes y familiares.
Se describe el primer caso de enfermedad de
Huntington infantil en Costa Rica, confirmado por
análisis genético molecular, en una niña de siete años
de edad que presentó retraso global en el desarrollo
psicomotor, problemas de aprendizaje, síndrome
rígido-acinético y epilepsia. La resonancia magnética
(RM) documentó atrofia difusa cortico-subcortical, del
cerebelo y ganglios de la base (caudado y putamen).
Los análisis moleculares revelaron un alelo mutado de
125 repeticiones CAG, heredado de su padre, quien
posee un alelo con 55 repeticiones CAG.
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a prevalence in the Caucasian population of 10.6-13.7 patients per 100 000 inhabitants and a prevalence for the juvenile form (<20 years) of 0.5-1 per 100 000. There are four forms of presentation of HD based on age of onset of symptoms; the childhood form (<10 years old) is the less frequent (1-3% of patients), and is associated with a larger number of CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) repeats in the HTT gene. Juvenile HD is a rare variant characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric disorders, different from the adult form and with a more severe progression. As HD is an incurable disease, its diagnosis is essential to give an optimal interdisciplinary management and genetic counseling to patients and families. It is described the first case of infantile HD in Costa Rica, confirmed by molecular genetic analysis of a seven-year-old female who presented psychomotor development global retardation, learning disabilities, rigid-akinetic syndrome and epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed corticalsubcortical diffuse atrophy in cerebellum and basal ganglia (caudate and putamen). Molecular analysis revealed that the patient had a mutated allele of 125 CAG repeats inherited from his father, who presents 55 CAG repeats.
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a prevalence in the Caucasian population of 10.6-13.7 patients per 100 000 inhabitants and a prevalence for the juvenile form (<20 years) of 0.5-1 per 100 000. There are four forms of presentation of HD based on age of onset of symptoms; the childhood form (<10 years old) is the less frequent (1-3% of patients), and is associated with a larger number of CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) repeats in the HTT gene. Juvenile HD is a rare variant characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric disorders, different from the adult form and with a more severe progression. As HD is an incurable disease, its diagnosis is essential to give an optimal interdisciplinary management and genetic counseling to patients and families. It is described the first case of infantile HD in Costa Rica, confirmed by molecular genetic analysis of a seven-year-old female who presented psychomotor development global retardation, learning disabilities, rigid-akinetic syndrome and epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed corticalsubcortical diffuse atrophy in cerebellum and basal ganglia (caudate and putamen). Molecular analysis revealed that the patient had a mutated allele of 125 CAG repeats inherited from his father, who presents 55 CAG repeats.
Description
Keywords
Diagnóstico molecular, Enfermedad de Huntington infantil, Repeticiones CAG, Molecular diagnosis, Infantile Huntington`s disease (HD), CAG repeats, 616.042 083 Enfermedades genéticas
Citation
http://accn.cr/index.php/quienes-somos/20-frontpage/297-neuroeje