Prevalencia y sobrevida en el envejecimiento exitoso, según el modelo de Rowe y Khan (Mac Arthur Research Network in successful aging) y el modelo de Young, en la cohorte del estudio Costa Rica estudio de longevidad y envejecimiento saludable (Costa Rican longevity and healthy aging study, creles)
Fecha
2019-08-12
Autores
Zúñiga Solano, Rafael
Bolaños Sánchez, Milena
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Resumen
Antecedentes:
Rowe y Khan (1987) definen envejecimiento exitoso como la ausencia de enfermedad, factores de riesgo, discapacidad cognitiva y funcional y participación activa en sociedad. Su validez ha sido cuestionada y se han desarrollado aproximaciones alternativas. El concepto de Young (2009) está dado por la presencia de al menos 4 de 5 condiciones que incluyen; la ausencia de a) enfermedad b)discapacidad c) deterioro cognitivo, la presencia de d) vitalidad emocional, e) participación activa en sociedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la supervivencia para ambos modelos en la cohorte CRELES
Métodos:
La clasificación de la cohorte permitió estimar la prevalencia del envejecimiento exitoso, las características sociodemográficas y clínicas se analizaron. Se emplearon las curvas de Kaplan Meier y Regresiones de Cox para el análisis de supervivencia. Comorbilidades autorreporte de salud, edad y sexo se consideraron como factores para ajustar el efecto.
Resultados:
Se encontró, después de ajustar para edad y sexo, que los adultos mayores que cumplieron la definición de Young tenían una menor mortalidad Hazard ratio (HR 0.69 [0.59-0.82])), cuando se ajusta para covariables adicionales (modelo completo) el efecto persiste (HR 0,78, CI 95% 0,65-0,93). El modelo de Rowe y Khan se asoció a un riesgo menor, mas no significativo (HR 0.63 [0.35-1.39]). En la Cohorte, según el modelo de Young el 33% de los sujetos se clasificaron como envejecimiento exitoso, mientras que con el modelo de Rowe y Khan sólo el 1.3%
Conclusión:
El modelo de envejecimiento exitoso de Rowe y Khan es infrecuente entre los adultos mayores costarricenses. Por el contrario, 1 de cada 3 sujetos cumplen el modelo de Young y éstos tienen menor riesgo de mortalidad. El envejecimiento exitoso es un modelo útil para estratificar riesgo y para la salud pública.
Background: Rowe and Khan (1987) state that successful aging (SA) is the absence of: disease, health risk factors, cognitive and functional disability and active engagement with society. Its validity been challenged and alternative approaches were developed. Young’s (2009) construct defined it by the clustering of at least four conditions including absence of a) diseases, b) disability, c) cognitive impairment or presence of d) emotional vitality and e) engagement with life. The aim of this piece is to compare survival for both SA approaches in a Costa Rican elderly cohort (The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study Cohort-CRELES). Methods: Cohort classification allowed SA prevalence estimation. Sociodemographic and clinical features of groups were also measured. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox Regression were used in survival analysis. Comorbidities, self-reported health, age and sex were considered as covariates to adjust. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, elderly that met Young´s SA definition have a lower mortality (Hazard ratio (HR 0.69 [0.59-0.82])), when adjusted for additional covariates the effect persists (HR 0,78, CI 95% 0,65-0,93).and using Rowe and Khan´s approach the risk is lower but non-significant (HR 0.63 [0.35-1.39]).In this cohort, 33% of the cohort fulfil Young criteria, while only 1.3% using Rowe and Khan´s. Conclusion: Costa Rican elderly are less likely to meet Rowe and Khan´s Successful aging definition. In the other hand, approximately one of three Costa Ricans meet Young´s and they have lower risk of death. SA can be a useful approach to stratify risk and to promote in public health settings.
Background: Rowe and Khan (1987) state that successful aging (SA) is the absence of: disease, health risk factors, cognitive and functional disability and active engagement with society. Its validity been challenged and alternative approaches were developed. Young’s (2009) construct defined it by the clustering of at least four conditions including absence of a) diseases, b) disability, c) cognitive impairment or presence of d) emotional vitality and e) engagement with life. The aim of this piece is to compare survival for both SA approaches in a Costa Rican elderly cohort (The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study Cohort-CRELES). Methods: Cohort classification allowed SA prevalence estimation. Sociodemographic and clinical features of groups were also measured. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox Regression were used in survival analysis. Comorbidities, self-reported health, age and sex were considered as covariates to adjust. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, elderly that met Young´s SA definition have a lower mortality (Hazard ratio (HR 0.69 [0.59-0.82])), when adjusted for additional covariates the effect persists (HR 0,78, CI 95% 0,65-0,93).and using Rowe and Khan´s approach the risk is lower but non-significant (HR 0.63 [0.35-1.39]).In this cohort, 33% of the cohort fulfil Young criteria, while only 1.3% using Rowe and Khan´s. Conclusion: Costa Rican elderly are less likely to meet Rowe and Khan´s Successful aging definition. In the other hand, approximately one of three Costa Ricans meet Young´s and they have lower risk of death. SA can be a useful approach to stratify risk and to promote in public health settings.
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Palabras clave
Envejecimiento exitoso, Rowe y Kahn, Young, Envejecimiento saludable, Modelo de Young, Factores de riesgo, Discapacidad cognitiva, Discapacidad funcional, Deterioro cognitivo