Identificación molecular de microorganismos en cultivos agrícolas, ornamentales y forestales en Costa Rica, 2009-2018. Parte 1
Fecha
2022
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Blanco Meneses, Mónica
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Introducción. El Laboratorio de Técnicas Moleculares aplicadas a la Fitoprotección (LTM), Centro de Investigación en Protección de Cultivos, Universidad de Costa Rica; recibe cultivos agrícolas, ornamentales y forestales para la identificación de microorganismos por medio de técnicas moleculares. Objetivo. Identificar con técnicas moleculares hongos, oomicetes y protozoa patogénicos y no patogénicos en cultivos agrícolas, ornamentales y forestales de Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Entre los años 2009 y 2018, se recibieron partes de plantas (raíz, tallo, hojas, frutos) y otros materiales como agua, sustrato y suelo, de los cuales se obtuvieron 805 aislamientos para identificación de microorganimos por mediante técnicas de extracción de ADN, PCR en tiempo final y en tiempo real y secuenciación mediante marcadores moleculares. Resultados. La secuenciación permitió la identificación de un total de 154 especies de hongos, 6 oomicetos y 1 protozoa. Dentro de los hongos identificados predominaron géneros como Fusarium con catorce especies diferentes, seguidos de Colletotrichum y Aspergillus con once especies identificadas para cada uno. En los oomicetes, prevalecieron especies del género Phytophthora y dentro de los protozoa el género Plasmodiophora. Además, las referencias científicas que respaldan la presencia de los microorganismos identificados en un cultivo en particular, han sido incluidas dentro de la información. Conclusión. Fue posible identificar mediante técnicas moleculares especies de hongos, oomicetos y protozoa patogénicos y no patogénicos aislados de diferentes cultivos agrícolas, ornamentales y forestales en Costa Rica.
Introduction. The Laboratory of Molecular Techniques applied to Phytoprotection (LTM), Crop Protection Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica; receives agricultural, ornamental, and forest crops for the identification of microorganisms using molecular techniques. Objective. To identify pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, and protozoa in agricultural, ornamental, and forest crops in Costa Rica by molecular methods. Materials and methods. Between 2009 and 2018, plant parts (root, stem, leaves, fruits) and other materials such as water, substrate, and soil were received. A total of 805 isolates were obtained for identification of microorganisms by DNA extraction techniques, end-time and real-time PCR and sequencing using molecular markers. Results. The sequencing allowed the identification of a total of 154 species of fungi, 6 oomycetes, and 1 protozoa. Among the fungi identified, genera such as Fusarium predominated with fourteen different species, followed by Colletotrichum and Aspergillus with eleven species identified for each one. In the oomycetes, species of the genus Phytophthora prevailed, and within the protozoa the genus Plasmodiophora. In addition, the scientific references supporting the presence of the microorganisms identified in each particular crop have been included in the information. Conclusion. It was possible to identify by molecular techniques pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, oomycetes and protozoa species isolated from different agricultural, ornamental and forest crops in Costa Rica.
Introduction. The Laboratory of Molecular Techniques applied to Phytoprotection (LTM), Crop Protection Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica; receives agricultural, ornamental, and forest crops for the identification of microorganisms using molecular techniques. Objective. To identify pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, and protozoa in agricultural, ornamental, and forest crops in Costa Rica by molecular methods. Materials and methods. Between 2009 and 2018, plant parts (root, stem, leaves, fruits) and other materials such as water, substrate, and soil were received. A total of 805 isolates were obtained for identification of microorganisms by DNA extraction techniques, end-time and real-time PCR and sequencing using molecular markers. Results. The sequencing allowed the identification of a total of 154 species of fungi, 6 oomycetes, and 1 protozoa. Among the fungi identified, genera such as Fusarium predominated with fourteen different species, followed by Colletotrichum and Aspergillus with eleven species identified for each one. In the oomycetes, species of the genus Phytophthora prevailed, and within the protozoa the genus Plasmodiophora. In addition, the scientific references supporting the presence of the microorganisms identified in each particular crop have been included in the information. Conclusion. It was possible to identify by molecular techniques pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, oomycetes and protozoa species isolated from different agricultural, ornamental and forest crops in Costa Rica.
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HONGO, BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR, CULTIVOS, GESTIÓN FORESTAL, MICROORGANISMO