Parámetros para el manejo del agua en tomate y chile dulce hidropónico bajo invernadero
Abstract
El intervalo hídrico óptimo, basado en
umbrales de humedad volumétrica en el sustrato
(θvs), permite un control preciso del volumen y la
frecuencia de riego. Se determinaron los umbrales
de θvs para el manejo del riego en los cultivos
de tomate y chile dulce en fibra de coco en los
invernaderos de la Estación Experimental Agrícola
Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM), Alajuela,
Costa Rica, en el 2015. En ambos cultivos se
aplicó un tratamiento con riego (CR) y otro sin
riego (SR), en un diseño completamente aleatorio.
Se evaluó el contenido de θvs, el potencial
hídrico (ψh) y la temperatura de la hoja (Th) y se
estimó la evapotranspiración de ambos cultivos
mediante un balance de agua en el sustrato. El
umbral de θvs en la fibra de coco, para el manejo
del riego en ambos cultivos, podría establecerse
en el rango de agua fácilmente disponible de 56%
a 38%, donde los valores de ψh fueron inferiores
al umbral crítico de < -1 MPa reportado por
diferentes autores y las Th fueron similares a la
temperatura del aire. En los tratamientos CR,
los promedios de θvs en tomate (44%) y chile
dulce (50%) estuvieron dentro del rango de agua
fácilmente disponible (38% a 56%) de la fibra de coco. En las pruebas SR de ambos cultivos,
la θvs descendió a un valor promedio de 32%,
próximo al punto de marchitez permanente. En
ψh y Th las diferencias entre experimentos fueron
de mayor magnitud al m.d. del día 2, donde los
tratamientos CR fueron -0,84 MPa en tomate y
-0,98 MPa en chile dulce; mientras que en las
prácticas SR fueron -1,24 MPa en tomate y -1,3
MPa en chile dulce. Al m.d. del día 2, las Th de
ambos cultivos en los diseños SR y CR fueron
similares e inferiores, respectivamente, a la temperatura
del aire (32,9°C).
The optimal water interval based on volumetric moisture thresholds in the substrate (θvs), allows precise control of the volume and frequency of irrigation. The research determined the thresholds of θvs for irrigation management in tomato and sweet pepper crops in coconut fiber in the greenhouses at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Research Station (EEAFBM), Alajuela, Costa Rica, 2015. In both crops, there were 2 treatments: with irrigation (CR) and without irrigation (SR), in a completely random design. The content of water θvs, the water potential (ψh) and the leaf temperature (Th) were evaluated and the evapotranspiration of both crops was estimated by means of a water balance in the substrate. The θvs threshold for water management in coconut fiber and both crops could be established in the readily available water range of 56% to 38%, where the ψh values were below the critical threshold of < -1 MPa reported by different authors and the Th were similar to the air temperature. The averages of θvs in tomato (44%) and sweet pepper (50%) in CR treatments were within the range of readily available water (38% to 56%) of the coconut fiber. In the SR treatments of both crops, the θvs decreased to an average value of 32%, close to the permanent wilting point. The differences between treatments of the ψh and Th were of higher magnitude at midday of 2nd day. The ψh in CR treatments were -0.84 MPa and -0.98 MPa, meanwhile in SR treatments they were -1.24 MPa and -1.3 MPa, in tomato and sweet pepper respectively. At midday of 2nd day, the Th of both crops and treatments were similar and lower, respectively, to the air temperature (32.9°C).
The optimal water interval based on volumetric moisture thresholds in the substrate (θvs), allows precise control of the volume and frequency of irrigation. The research determined the thresholds of θvs for irrigation management in tomato and sweet pepper crops in coconut fiber in the greenhouses at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Research Station (EEAFBM), Alajuela, Costa Rica, 2015. In both crops, there were 2 treatments: with irrigation (CR) and without irrigation (SR), in a completely random design. The content of water θvs, the water potential (ψh) and the leaf temperature (Th) were evaluated and the evapotranspiration of both crops was estimated by means of a water balance in the substrate. The θvs threshold for water management in coconut fiber and both crops could be established in the readily available water range of 56% to 38%, where the ψh values were below the critical threshold of < -1 MPa reported by different authors and the Th were similar to the air temperature. The averages of θvs in tomato (44%) and sweet pepper (50%) in CR treatments were within the range of readily available water (38% to 56%) of the coconut fiber. In the SR treatments of both crops, the θvs decreased to an average value of 32%, close to the permanent wilting point. The differences between treatments of the ψh and Th were of higher magnitude at midday of 2nd day. The ψh in CR treatments were -0.84 MPa and -0.98 MPa, meanwhile in SR treatments they were -1.24 MPa and -1.3 MPa, in tomato and sweet pepper respectively. At midday of 2nd day, the Th of both crops and treatments were similar and lower, respectively, to the air temperature (32.9°C).
Description
Keywords
Manejo del riego, Potencial hídrico, Humedad del sustrato, Intervalo hídrico óptimo, Irrigation management, Water potential, Substrate moisture, Optimal water content interval, Refill point
Citation
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agrocost/article/view/33779