Estudio económico de la asociación cafeto (Coffea arabica L.) - frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en dos localidades de Costa Rica
Fecha
1989
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
González Mora, Walter
Araya Villalobos, Rodolfo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
En 2,20 y 49,98 hectáreas de cafeto establecido se sembró frijol intercalao en las calles de poda, en dos localidades: Cacao, Alajuela, y en Santo Domingo de Heredia, en forma respectiva, de mayo a agosto de 1986. En la primer localidad, se plantaron 1,27 ha con el cultivar Huetar y 0,93 ha con Talamanca; mientras que en la segunda localidad, 30,06 y 19,92 ha, respectivamente, distribuidas en ocho fincas de la empresa. La siembra de frijol se realizó a ambos lados y a 0,25m de la hielera de cafeto podado, a una densidad de 150.000 plantas por hectárea de cafeto. El cafeto, cultivar Caturra, se manejó sin sombra, a una densidad promedio de 9.323 plantas por hectárea y sistema de poda Hawaiano. En Alajuela este sistema de poda se utiliza dejando las bandolas hacia la base de la planta con ciclo de tres años y en Heredia ciclo de cinco años. Las edades de la plantación fueron de 30 y 11 años, respectivamente. Las labores se realizaron conforme al manejo normal del cafeto. El rendimiento promedio por hectárea de cafeto sembrada del cultivar Talamanca fue mayor que el Huetar 58,81% y 122,25% en Alajuela y Heredia, respectivamente (Talamanca – Alajuela: 201,35 kg/ha, Talamanca-Heredia: 293,05 kg/ha, Huetar-Alajuela: 126,78 kg/ha, Huetar-Heredia: 239, 71 kg/ha). En el cafetal de Heredia se obtuvo mayor rendimiento de frijol que en el de Alajuela. La rentabilidad adicional de la asociación de frijol con el cafeto, para las fincas bajo las condiciones mencionadas, para el cultivar y lugar respectivo por periodo de cuatro meses fue la siguiente: Talamanca-Alajuela 216,88%, Talamanca-Heredia 231,87%, Huetar-Alajuela 99,52% y Huetar-Heredia 171,46%, mientras que la ganancia varió entre ₡2669, 30 ($47.88) y ₡8640,30 ($154.98) por hectárea sembrada de cafeto.
An economic study was conducted, from May through August, 1986, by intercropping common bean in two established coffee orchards of 2.20 and 49,98 ha in Cacao – Alajuela and in Santo Domingo – Heredia, respectively. In Cacao, 1.27 ha were planted with the Huetar cultivar and 0.93 ha with Talamanca, at the same time that in Santo Domingo were planted 30.6 and 19.92 ha, respectively, distributed among eight farms. The beans were planted at o.25m on both sides of the pruned row of coffee, with a population of 150000 plants per hectare of orchard. The population of the Caturra coffee cultivar was 9323 plants/ha , managed unshaded and pruned under the “Hawaiian” system. In Alajuela, this pruning system is used leaving two branches toward the base of the plant on a three year cycle, while in Heredia it is on a five year cycle. The coffee orchards were 30 and 11 years old, respectively. The chores were conducted in accordance with the normal management for coffee. The average yield per hectare of coffee planted with the Talamanca cultivar was 58.81% and 122.25% higher than Huetar in Alajuela and Heredia, respectively (Talamanca-Alajuela: 201.35 kg/ha. Talamanca-Heredia: 293.05 kg/ha, Huetar-Alajuela: 126.78 kg/ha, Huetar-Heredia: 239.71 kg/ha). The bean yield in Heredia was higher than in Alajuela. The additional economic return of intercropping common beans with coffee, for the farms under the mentioned conditions, for the cultivar and place in the four month period was the following: Talamanca-Alajuela 216.88%, Talamanca-Heredia 231.87%, Huetar-Alajuela 99.52% and Huetar-Heredia 171. 46%, while the profit varied from $47.88 to $154.98 /ha of coffee orchard.
An economic study was conducted, from May through August, 1986, by intercropping common bean in two established coffee orchards of 2.20 and 49,98 ha in Cacao – Alajuela and in Santo Domingo – Heredia, respectively. In Cacao, 1.27 ha were planted with the Huetar cultivar and 0.93 ha with Talamanca, at the same time that in Santo Domingo were planted 30.6 and 19.92 ha, respectively, distributed among eight farms. The beans were planted at o.25m on both sides of the pruned row of coffee, with a population of 150000 plants per hectare of orchard. The population of the Caturra coffee cultivar was 9323 plants/ha , managed unshaded and pruned under the “Hawaiian” system. In Alajuela, this pruning system is used leaving two branches toward the base of the plant on a three year cycle, while in Heredia it is on a five year cycle. The coffee orchards were 30 and 11 years old, respectively. The chores were conducted in accordance with the normal management for coffee. The average yield per hectare of coffee planted with the Talamanca cultivar was 58.81% and 122.25% higher than Huetar in Alajuela and Heredia, respectively (Talamanca-Alajuela: 201.35 kg/ha. Talamanca-Heredia: 293.05 kg/ha, Huetar-Alajuela: 126.78 kg/ha, Huetar-Heredia: 239.71 kg/ha). The bean yield in Heredia was higher than in Alajuela. The additional economic return of intercropping common beans with coffee, for the farms under the mentioned conditions, for the cultivar and place in the four month period was the following: Talamanca-Alajuela 216.88%, Talamanca-Heredia 231.87%, Huetar-Alajuela 99.52% and Huetar-Heredia 171. 46%, while the profit varied from $47.88 to $154.98 /ha of coffee orchard.